从司马光与欧阳修的科举论争看北宋科举制度改革  

The Debate between Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu over the Reform of Imperial Examination in Song Dynasty

作　　者：贾树硕 Jia Shushuo(Beijing Normal University,Beijing,100875)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875

出　　处：《考试研究》2023年第4期96-108,共13页Examinations Research

摘　　要：科举制是宋代统治者大力推行的教育考试制度,承担着选拔人才的重要任务。宋代士大夫发迹于科场,对取士制度的发展动向密切关注,多次掀起科举改革的争论。治平元年,司马光建议改革省试录取制度,提出“逐路取人”的设想;欧阳修反对其观点,维护原有取士制度,坚持“凭才取人”的原则。这场围绕取士政策展开的讨论,涉及派别利益、人才观念的多方差异,反映了对考试“至公”的追求。虽然司马光“逐路取人”的建议当时未能落实,但对后世考试制度改革产生了重要的影响。The imperial examination system is an education and examination system vigorously promoted by the Song dynasty,which undertakes the important function of selecting talents.Scholar-officials in the Song Dynasty paid close attention to the examination policy and cause many controversies about the reform of imperial examination.There was a conflict between Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu over the selection criteria of the imperial examination system in Yingzong's period of the Song Dynasty.Sima Guang proposed that emperor can increase the quotas of matriculation in Northwest China,while Ouyang Xiu opposed it.He suggested the emperor keep the original examination policy unchanged,and he believed the fairest policy was to rank students according to their grades.This debate reflects many differences in factional interests and talent concepts.It also reflects the Song Dynasty’s unremitting pursuit of fairness in examinations,which had a profound impact on the reform of the examination system for later generations.

关 键 词：宋代科举改革 司马光欧阳修之辩 逐路取人 凭才取士 考试公平 

分 类 号：G424.74[文化科学—课程与教学论]