普通话辅音嗓音起始时间VOT的声学统计分析  

Acoustic statistical analysis of the voice onset time of mandarin consonants

作　　者：刘亚丽 齐娜[2] 陈静[1] 赵志军 王英侠 LIU Yali;QI Na;CHEN Jing;ZHAO Zhijun;WANG Yingxia(School of Information and Communication Engineering,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China;School of Music and Recording Arts,Communication University of China,Beijing 100024,China)

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学信息与通信工程学院,北京100024 [2]中国传媒大学音乐与录音艺术学院,北京100024

出　　处：《中国传媒大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第3期15-23,共9页Journal of Communication University of China：Science and Technology

摘　　要：本文以汉语普通话辅音声学特征-嗓音起始时间(Voice Onset Time,VOT)为研究对象,选取了来自4个方言区共107名发音人(含对照组和普通话熟练无口音的大学生组)的普通话语音样本数据,在对比分析视角下,重点分析了VOT与发音方法和发音部位的关系,并将发音人母语语音经验、性别因素对普通话辅音VOT的影响作用展开了统计分析。实验结果表明:(1)塞音组内:舌尖部位的t、d分别在本组中最小,舌根部位的k、g最大,双唇部位的p、b居中,也即各组内三者的VOT关系为k>p>t、g>b>d;在塞擦音组内,同一发音方法内在发音部位上没有呈现太大差异。(2)在同一发音部位下,VOT差异表现为送气塞/塞擦音>不送气塞/塞擦音,也即p>b、t>d、k>g;c>z、q>j、ch>zh。其中,发音方法(特别是送气与否)是其关键的影响因素。(3)母语语音经验分别在塞音组内(p,t,k,b,d,g)VOT上、塞擦音组内(c,zh)VOT上表现出显著的差异性。(4)性别在送气塞音组、送气/不送气塞擦音组VOT上均无显著的差异,而在不送气塞音组b的VOT上的显著性差异则与发音人母语背景呈现一定的关联性。This article focused on the acoustic characteristics of Mandarin consonants-Voice Onset Time(VOT)as the research object.A total of 107 speakers(including the control group and the group of college students who are proficient in Mandarin without an accent)from four dialect regions were selected for Mandarin speech sample data.From a comparative analysis perspective,the relationship between VOT and pronunciation methods and pronunciation parts was analyzed,and the statistical analysis of the impact of speakers'native language experience and gender factors on the VOT of Mandarin consonants was developed.The experimental results showed that:(1)within the plosive group,the t and d at the tip of the tongue were the smallest in this group,the k and g at the base of the tongue were the largest,and the p and b at the lips were in the middle.That is to say,the VOT relationship among the three in each group was k>p>t,g>b>d;In the affricate consonant group,there was no significant difference in the internal pronunciation position of the same pronunciation method.(2)Under the same pronunciation position,the difference of VOT was the aspirated affricate consonant>the unaspirated affricate consonant,that is,p>b,t>d,k>g;c>z、q>j、ch>zh.Among them,the pronunciation method(especially whether it was aspirated or not)was the key influencing factor.(3)The mother tongue phonological experience showed significant differences in VOT within the plosive group(p,t,k,b,d,g)and within the affricate consonant group(c,zh).(4)There was no significant difference in the VOT of the aspirated plosive group and the aspirated/unaspirated affricate consonant group,while the significant difference in the VOT of the unaspirated plosive group b was related to the native language background of the speaker.

关 键 词：嗓音起始时间VOT 塞音 塞擦音 母语语音经验 性别 

分 类 号：TP912.3[自动化与计算机技术]