不同倍性长牡蛎闭壳肌和精子的组织学和超微结构观察  

Histological and ultrastructural observation of adductor and sperm of Crassostrea gigas with different ploidy

作　　者：董璐瑶 赵丽艳 张恩烁 李洲 李赞 王卫军 杨建敏 DONG Luyao;ZHAO Liyan;ZHANG Enshuo;LI Zhou;LI Zan;WANG Weijun;YANG Jianmin(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Research Institute,Yantai 264006,China;School of Agriculture,Ludong University,Yantai 264025,China;Zhifu District Bureau of Marine Development and Fisheries,Yantai 264000,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学,水产科学国家级实验教学示范中心,上海201306 [2]山东省海洋资源与环境研究院,山东烟台264006 [3]鲁东大学农学院,山东烟台264025 [4]芝罘区现代海洋产业发展促进中心,山东烟台264000

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2023年第4期433-446,共14页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家贝类产业技术体系项目(CARS-49);山东省农业良种工程项目(2020LZGC016);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(YDZX2021017);烟台市水产种业提升项目(YHYH[2022]24).

摘　　要：以二倍体、三倍体、四倍体长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)闭壳肌和精子为研究对象,采用石蜡组织切片、透射电镜和扫描电镜方法,比较了3种倍性长牡蛎闭壳肌和精子的组织学特性及超微结构的差异。研究结果显示,二、三、四倍体闭壳肌组织的肌纤维都包含粗肌丝、细肌丝、肌膜、肌束膜、肌内膜、线粒体、囊泡、小管、细胞核、肌浆网等结构,但三者的形态及超微结构不同,其中三倍体闭壳肌线粒体直径、肌纤维直径、粗肌丝密度显著大于二倍体和四倍体,肌纤维密度显著小于二倍体和四倍体。不同倍性精子的扫描电镜和透射电镜结果显示,二、三、四倍体长牡蛎精子在组成结构上相似,分别由头部、中段和尾部构成,但不同倍性精子中各结构大小和线粒体数目不同。在长牡蛎精子头部长度、宽度,顶体高度、宽度,线粒体长度的测量分析中,四倍体精子的头部、顶体以及线粒体显著大于二、三倍体。三倍体精子的头部和顶体显著大于二倍体,但三倍体精子的线粒体大小与二倍体相比无显著差异。此外,二、三倍体精子均含4个线粒体,但在本研究中发现了二倍体精子含有5个(占比1%)线粒体的特例。四倍体长牡蛎精子的线粒体数目不同,含有4个(占比46%)、5个(占比52%)、6个(占比2%)这3种情况。该研究阐明了不同倍性长牡蛎闭壳肌及精子的组织学特性和超微结构,为深入研究长牡蛎肌纤维生物学特性和精子繁育生物学提供了基础资料。The histological and ultrastructural characteristics of the adductor muscles and sperm of diploid,triploid,and tetraploid Crassostrea gigas were compared through paraffin section,transmission electron microscope,and scanning electron microscope analyses.The experimental results showed that the muscle fibers of diploid,triploid,and tetraploid adductors were all composed of thick filaments,thin filaments,sarcolemma,perimysium,endomysium,mitochondria,vesicle,tubule,nucleus,sarcoplasmic reticulum,and so on.However,the morphology and ultrastructure of the C.gigas of three ploidies were different from each other:the mitochondrial diameter,muscle fiber diameter,and thick filament density of the triploid adductor muscle were significantly higher than those of diploid and tetraploid adductor muscles,and the muscle fiber density was significantly lower than that of diploids and tetraploids.The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the different ploidy sperm showed that the sperm of diploid,triploid,and tetraploid C.gigas were similar in composition and structure,comprising head,middle,and tail parts.Nevertheless,the size and the number of mitochondria differed among the different ploidy sperm.Measurement and analysis of the head length,width,acrosome height and width,and mitochondrial length of C.gigas sperm showed that the head,acrosome,and mitochondria of tetraploid sperm were significantly larger than those of diploid and triploid sperm.The head and acrosome of triploid sperm were significantly larger than those of diploid sperm,but there was no significant difference in mitochondrial size between triploid and diploid sperm.Additionally,both diploid and triploid sperm contained four mitochondria;however,diploid sperm contained 5(1%)mitochondria.The number of mitochondria in tetraploid C.gigas sperm varied,with 4(46%),5(52%),and 6(2%)mitochondria.This study elucidates the histological characteristics and ultrastructure of the adductor muscles and sperm of C.gigas of different plo

关 键 词：长牡蛎 闭壳肌 精子 二倍体 三倍体 四倍体 超微结构 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]