桂南平话、粤语鼻音和边音声母拼阴调类现象——语言接触引起的演变  

Nasal and Lateral Initials Matching with the Yin Tone Categories in Southern Pinghua and Cantonese:A Change Induced by Language Contact

作　　者：覃远雄 QIN Yuanxiong

机构地区：[1]南昌大学人文学院,南昌330031 [2]中国社会科学院语言研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《民族语文》2023年第2期76-86,共11页Minority Languages of China

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“语言接触视角下的广西汉语方言语音演变研究(17AYY003)”阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文讨论桂南平话、粤语鼻音和边音声母语素今读阴调类的现象。经研究认为,从汉语来源说,桂南平话、粤语鼻音和边音声母一般拼阳调类,只有个别方言点拼阴调类,或者少数字特殊音变拼阴调类。但是,很多鼻、边音声母拼阴调类的语素,从古代汉语文献中难以找到其来源,应是语言接触过程中壮语影响所致。壮族人民在学习汉语过程中,将母语的一些鼻、边音声母拼单数调(对应于汉语的阴调类)的口语词带入汉语,同时也把鼻、边音声母拼单数调的发音习惯带入了汉语。这就使得桂南平话、粤语鼻音和边音只拼阳调类的格局变成了阳调类、阴调类俱拼的格局,以至于桂南平话、粤语与壮语音系结构在这一点上趋于相同。This paper addresses the phenomenon in Southern Pinghua,spoken in Southern Guangxi,and Cantonese where the morphemes with nasal and lateral initials display the yin tone categories.Studies indicate that in terms of their historical origin in the Chinese language,nasal and lateral initials in Southern Pinghua and Cantonese generally match with the yang tone categories,except in a certain dialect or in a few words involving distinctive sound changes that they match with the yin tones only.However,for many morphemes with nasal and lateral initials displaying the yin tones,it is hard to trace their sources in ancient Chinese literature.It is plausible to argue that such phenomenon ought to have arisen under the influence of the Zhuang language in the course of language contact.In the process of their Chinese acquisition,the Zhuang speakers must have brought into Chinese some of their native spoken Zhuang words where the nasal and lateral initials occur with odd-numbered tone categories(corresponding to the yin tones in Chinese)and with them,have brought into Chinese their habitual phonological practice of matching nasal and lateral initials with the odd-numbered tones in the meantime.As a result,the phonological pattern in Southern Pinghua and Cantonese where the nasal and lateral initials only match with the yang tones evolve into a pattern where such initials go with both the yang and yin tones,and therefore the phonological structures of Southern Pinghua and Cantonese tend to be identical with that of the Zhuang language when it comes to this phonological phenomenon.

关 键 词：桂南平话 粤语 鼻音 边音 阴调类 语言接触 母语干扰 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]