加密资产的属性及其刑事风险研究  

Research on the Attribute and Criminal Risk of Cryptoassets

作　　者：胡云腾[1,2] 周维明 Hu Yunteng;Zhou Weiming

机构地区：[1]最高人民法院咨询委员会 [2]国家法官学院 [3]中国应用法学研究所,北京100062

出　　处：《广东社会科学》2023年第4期233-245,288,共14页Social Sciences in Guangdong

摘　　要：加密资产属于第二代虚拟财产。加密资产以去中心化技术为支撑,具有匿名性、不可篡改性、跨境跨平台流转的方便性等特征。围绕加密资产的分类和属性,以及针对加密资产的监管模式,各国存在不同观点和做法。我国加密资产监管制度经历了从部分禁止到全面禁止的过程。加密资产有可能被利用于洗钱和恐怖主义融资,并涉及非法吸收公众存款罪、集资诈骗罪、传销犯罪和知识产权犯罪等刑事法律风险。在未来,我国应当围绕监管和责任两个关键词,制定《数字资产法》,实现与《民法典》第127条的衔接,并探索构建数字刑法体系。Cryptoassets belong to the second generation of virtual property.Cryptoassets are supported by decentralized technology and are characterized by anonymity,immutability,convenience of cross⁃border and cross platform circulation.Countries have different views and practices around the classification and attributes of cryptoassets,as well as the regulatory model.China’s cryptoassets supervision system has undergone a process of developing from partial prohibition to comprehensive prohibition.Cryptoassets may be used for money laundering and terrorist financing,and involve criminal legal risks such as illegal absorption of deposits from the public,fund raising fraud,MLM crimes and intellectual property crimes.In the future,China should formulate the Digital Asset Law around two keywords——supervision and responsibility,to realize the connect up with Article 127 of the Civil Code,and explore the construction of a digital criminal law system.

关 键 词：加密资产 虚拟财产 刑事风险 数字资产法 洗钱 法律规制 

分 类 号：D924.13[政治法律—刑法学]