养殖工船鱼舱流速特性的实船试验研究  

Field test on the flow velocity characteristics of tank aboard an aquaculture vessel

作　　者：秦康 崔铭超 刘晃[1,3] 张成林 QIN Kang;CUI Mingchao;LIU Huang;ZHANG Chenglin(Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200092,China;College of Navigation and Ship Engineering,Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China;Joint Research Laboratory for Deep Blue Fishery Engineering Equipment Technology,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院渔业机械仪器研究所,上海200092 [2]大连海洋大学航海与船舶工程学院,辽宁大连116023 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室深蓝渔业工程联合实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《大连海洋大学学报》2023年第3期524-532,共9页Journal of Dalian Ocean University

基　　金：青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室问海计划(2021WHZZB1301);工业和信息化部高技术船舶科研项目(工信部装函[2019]360号)。

摘　　要：为掌握横摇运动对船载鱼舱流速特性的影响,采用实船试验,对养殖工船横摇运动下鱼舱流速特性进行研究,并分析其适渔性。结果表明:小幅横摇工况(横摇角度幅值在1°以内)下可仅考虑进水射流,忽略横摇运动对舱内水平流速的影响,但大幅横摇工况(横摇角度幅值在5°以上)下,相对于进水射流,横摇运动对舱内水平流速的影响更明显;横摇周期一定时,随着横摇角度幅值的增大,舱内水平流速增大,最大水平流速的位置向舱中部偏移,小幅横摇工况(横摇角度幅值在1°以内)下,舱中央区域的垂向流速方向整体呈向上趋势,近舱壁区域的垂向流速方向整体呈向下;横摇周期一定时,随着横摇角度幅值的增大,舱中央处向上的垂向流速区域缩小,向上的最大垂向流速降低,这一变化会促进舱中央区域内生物固体的沉降,更有利于集排污。研究表明,对于锚泊状态下的养殖工船,当横摇角度幅值在5°以内时鱼舱流速适合1龄以上大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)的养殖。Deep-sea aquaculture,represented by cruising aquaculture vessels,is an emerging aquaculture method to expand ocean space.In order to understanding of the influence of rolling motion on the flow velocity in fish tank aboard aquaculture vessels,the field test method is used to probe the flow velocity characteristics in the fish tank of an aquaculture vessel,and to analyze its suitability for fishing.The results showed that the influence of rolling motion on the horizontal flow velocity in the fish tank was ignored under the slight rolling condition,and the velocity variations was attributed to jets.Under a high sea state with a larger rolling motion,the influence of rolling motion on the horizontal flow velocity in the fish tank was remarkable.The horizontal flow velocity in the fish tank was found to be increased,and the position of the maximum horizontal flow velocity was shown to be shifted to the middle of the tank with the increase in the rolling angle amplitude at the constant rolling period.The vertical flow velocity in the central area of the tank was generally upward,and the vertical flow velocity in the area near the bulkhead was generally downward under the slight rolling condition.The vertical flow velocity area at the center of the tank was reduced,and the maximum vertical flow velocity in the upward direction was decreased with the increase in the rolling angle amplitude during the constant rolling period,promoting the sedimentation of biological solids in the central area of the fish tank,which is more conducive to sewage collection and discharge.When the angular amplitude of the rolling motion is not more than 5°,the flow velocity in the fish tank aboard an aquaculture vessel at anchor is suitable for the cultivation of Larimichthys crocea over 1 year old,of which body length is longer than 27 cm.

关 键 词：水产养殖 养殖工船 横摇 流速 适渔性 

分 类 号：S951.2[农业科学—水产养殖]