西北干旱荒漠区露天煤矿采煤迹地地表水系恢复研究  

Restoration of Water Systems in Typical Open-pit Coal Mines in the Arid Desert Area of Northwest China

作　　者：王明新 赵义平[1,2,3] 刘艳萍 赵淑银[1,2] WANG Mingxin;ZHAO Yiping;LIU Yanping;ZHAO Shuyin(Yinshanbeilu Grassland Eco-hydrology National Observation and Research Station,China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,Beijing 100038,China;Institute of Water Resources for Pastoral Area,Ministry of Water Resources,Hohhot 010020,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security(Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region),Hohhot 010021,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院、内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站,北京100038 [2]水利部牧区水利科学研究所,呼和浩特010020 [3]草原生态安全省部共建协同创新中心,呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第4期727-732,共6页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504405);The Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security(MK0143A032021);China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Basic Scientific Research Projects(MK2021J08)。

摘　　要：露天采煤后形成的巨大采坑可局部改变当地地表水系。本研究以乌海市典型露天煤矿为例,基于调查数据,采用GIS水文分析技术以及小流域降水径流模型对水系变化和产流进行分析。结果表明:(1)西北干旱荒漠区小流域水系大都为山洪沟,水量为由暴雨产生的洪水。(2)露天采煤可局部改变小流域水系结构,包括汇流路径、边界等。针对以上结论,提出利用采坑进行蓄洪运用的地表水系恢复方案,即在下游河道通畅的基础上,利用采坑拦蓄上游洪水。该方案一可减轻下游防洪压力;二是将洪水带来的泥沙留存在矿坑内,有利于减轻水土流失;三是有利于区域地下水的涵养;四是拦蓄水量用于植被灌溉,有利于周边生态的提升。研究结果可为西北干旱荒漠区矿区修复治理以及生态恢复提供参考。The huge pit formed after open-pit mining can partially change the local water system.Taking a typical open-pit coal mine in Wuhai City as an example,this study used survey data,hydrological analysis technology and a Rainfall-Run model to analyze the changes in the water system and runoff.The results indicate that the water system in the coal mining site has changed in the confluence path because of the mining pits and dumps formed by coal mining operations.Taking the local conditions into account,a water system restoration scheme using the pit for floodwater storage is proposed,that is,using the pit to retain upstream flood on the basis of an unobstructed downstream river flow.This scheme has several benefits.First,it can reduce the pressure of downstream flood control.Second,the sediment brought by the flood will be stored in the pit,which is conducive to reducing soil ero-sion.Third,it is conducive to the conservation of regional groundwater.Fourth,the retained water can be used for irrigation,which is conducive to the improvement of the surrounding ecology.The results of this study can provide references for the restoration and management of mining areas and ecological restoration in the arid desert area of Northwest China.

关 键 词：西北干旱荒漠区 露天煤矿 水系恢复 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]