基于生态位适宜度的西北干旱荒漠区东部露天煤矿排土场复垦适宜性评价  

Evaluate the Reclamation Suitability of Dumps of Open-pit Coal Mines based on Niche Fitness in the Eastern Arid Desert Area in Northwest China

作　　者：魏广阔 刘佳琪 赵廷宁[1] 杨建英[1] 李瑞鹏 奎国娴 艾宪锋 肖飞 WEI Guangkuo;LIU Jiaqi;ZHAO Tingning;YANG Jianying;LI Ruipeng;KUI Guoxian;AI Xianfeng;XIAO Fei(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Inner Mongolia Guangna Coal Industry Co.,Ltd,Wuhai,Inner Mongolia 016000,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古广纳煤业有限责任公司,内蒙古乌海016000

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第4期805-815,共11页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Science and Technology Major Project(2020ZD0021-03)。

摘　　要：土地复垦适宜性评价是确定矿区受损土地再利用的重要前提,为充分利用矿区土地资源、修复受损土地,本研究以西北干旱荒漠区东部4个排土场为研究对象,以排土场平台和边坡为评价单元,以生态用地为复垦利用方向,从地形、土壤条件、区位条件、灌排设施、环境风险5个方面选取影响排土场再利用的指标,构建基于生态位适宜度的土地复垦适宜性评价指标体系,引入障碍度进行排土场障碍因子诊断。结果表明:(1)研究区各单元生态位适宜度指数在0.339-0.751之间,复垦为生态用地的适宜性等级整体偏低。同一排土场平台的适宜度指数(0.511-0.751)普遍比边坡(0.339-0.628)高。(2)各因子对不同单元的障碍度反应不尽相同。影响边坡的主要障碍因子为坡度、砾石含量和排水条件;影响平台的主要障碍因子为土壤条件、排水条件,土壤条件中主要以砾石含量和土壤容重为限制因素。上述方法能够有效用于矿区土地复垦适宜性评价,研究结果可为西北干旱荒漠区露天煤矿排土场复垦和生态重建提供科学决策依据。Suitability evaluation of land reclamation is an important prerequisite for determining the reuse of dam-aged land in mining areas.To make full use of land resources in mining areas and repair damaged land,this study takes four dumps in the eastern part of the arid desert area of northwest China as the research object,and uses the platform and slope as the evaluation unit to consider ecological land as the direction.The indicators affecting the reuse of dumps are selected as five aspects:Terrain conditions,soil conditions,location conditions,irrigation and drainage facilities,and environmental risks.The suitability evaluation index system of land reclamation based on niche fitness is constructed,and the obstacle degree is introduced to diagnose the obstacle factor.The results showed that(1)the niche fitness index of each unit in the study area was between 0.339 and 0.751,indicating that the suitability grade of reclamation for ecological land is typically low.The suitability index of the same dump platform(0.511-0.751)was generally higher than that of the slope(0.339-0.628).(2)Each factor responded differently to the obstacle degree of different units.The slope,gravel content,and drainage conditions are the key elements influ-encing the slope.The major obstacles for the platform are soil and drainage conditions.In soil conditions,the gravel content and bulk density of the soil are limiting factors of platform.The method developed here can be effectively used to evaluate the suitability of mining areas for reclamation.The results provide a scientific basis for the recla-mation and ecological reconstruction of open-pit coal mine dumps in arid desert areas of northwest China.

关 键 词：生态位 排土场 土地复垦 适宜性评价 障碍因子 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]