不同生态恢复模式对灵武排土场边坡减流减沙及植被恢复的影响  

Effects of Ecological Restoration Modes on Runoff and Erosion Reduction and Vegetation Restoration of Waste Dump Slopes in Lingwu

作　　者：李文烨 叶金鹏 郭小平[1] 林雅超 薛东明 李国旗[4] 杨帆[1] 张伟 顾清敏 LI Wenye;YE Jinpeng;GUO Xiaoping;LIN Yachao;XUE Dongming;LI Guoqi;YANG Fan;ZHANG Wei;GU Qingmin(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China;Survey Engineering Company,China Energy Engineering Group,Yunnan Electric Power Design Institute Co.,Ltd,Kunming 650500,China;Chongqing Branch,China Three Gorges Construction Engineering Corporation,Chongqing 401320,China;School of Ecology and Environment,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Yangchangwan Coal Mine of Ningxia Coal Industry Co.,Ltd,China Energy Group,Lingwu,Ningxia 751411,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]中国能源建设集团云南电力设计院有限公司勘测工程公司,昆明650500 [3]中国三峡建工(集团)有限公司重庆分公司,重庆401320 [4]宁夏大学生态环境学院,银川750021 [5]国家能源集团宁夏煤业有限责任公司羊场湾煤矿,宁夏灵武751411

出　　处：《Journal of Resources and Ecology》2023年第4期822-832,共11页资源与生态学报（英文版）

基　　金：The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC0504406)。

摘　　要：宁东煤炭基地现有技术存在许多生态问题,如技术体系不完善、工程效果差、推广价值低、缺乏监测和评价等。本研究在筛选和整合现有技术的基础上,设计并建造了14个生态恢复地块。14个区由2组重复试验组成,每组包括6种技术模式和CK(未采取任何措施)处理组成。6种技术模式包括生态袋、生态棒、铁丝石笼、砾石沙障、活体沙障和麦草沙障模式,观测区建设在宁东羊场湾排矸场,选择累积降雨量、降雨强度、径流量、侵蚀量、丰富度、覆盖率、生物量和植被类型这8个关键监测指标进行植被生长观测和数据收集。此外,利用TOPSIS法对6种生态恢复模式的效果进行了评价。结果表明,麦草沙障模式区植被恢复效果最好,覆盖率为45%,丰富度为1.23,地上生物量为0.60 kg m^(-2),其监测结果分别比对照组高45.16%、43.02%、71.43%。砾石沙障模式的径流和产沙量最小,其总侵蚀量为133.46 g m^(-2),仅为对照组的26.80%,径流量为863.32 cm^(3)m^(-2),比对照组少50.00%。TOPSIS结果显示,6种技术模式从最佳到最差依次为活体沙障模式、砾石沙障模式、铁丝石笼模式、麦草沙障模式、生态棒模式和生态袋模式。活体沙障模式的综合生态修复效果最好。In the coal base of Ningdong,there are many ecological problems associated with the existing local technologies,such as the imperfect technical system,a poor engineering effect,limited generalization value,and the lack of monitoring and evaluation.Based on the screening and integration of the existing technologies in the coal base of Ningdong,we have designed and constructed 14 ecological restoration plots in this study.The 14 plots were composed of two replicates for each of six technical modes and CK treatment(nothing treatment).These technical modes include ecological bag,ecological rod,wire gabion,gravel sand barrier,living sand barrier and wheat straw sand barrier modes.The 14 plots were all constructed in the slope of Yangchangwan waste dump of Ningdong.Several monitoring indicators were selected for vegetation growth observation and data collection,in-cluding erosion amount,runoff amount,runoff depth,richness,coverage,herbal biomass,bush biomass and total biomass.Furthermore,the TOPSIS(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution)method was utilized to evaluate the effects of the six ecological restoration modes.The results showed that the wheat straw sand barrier mode area had the best vegetation restoration effect,with coverage of 45%,richness of 1.23 and an aboveground biomass of 0.60 kg m^(-2).Its monitoring results were 45.16%,43.02%,and 71.43%higher than in the CK,respectively.The gravel sand barrier model presented the least runoff and erosion yield,and its total erosion was 133.46 g m^(-2)which was only 26.80%of the CK.The runoff amount was 863.32 cm^(3)m^(-2),even 50.00%less than CK.The TOPSIS results show that the living sand barrier,gravel sand barrier,and wire gabion modes are the three best ecological restoration modes overall.

关 键 词：生态恢复 侵蚀量 径流 覆盖度 丰富度 生物量 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]