可信赖人工智能教育应用的建设路径与现实启示——以英国典型举措为例  

Path and Enlightenment of Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Education:A Case S tudy of Typical Initiatives in the United Kingdom

作　　者：沈苑 胡梦圆 范逸洲 汪琼[1] SHEN Yuan;HU Mengyuan;FAN Yizhou;WANG Qiong

机构地区：[1]北京大学教育学院,北京100871

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2023年第4期65-74,共10页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：教育部科技司2022年教育领域智能社会研究“智能教学环境人机合作平衡点探查”(D2022010);2022年江苏高等教育学会《江苏高教》专项课题“人工智能高等教育应用伦理研究”(2022JSGJKT001)。

摘　　要：人工智能技术在辅助教学上展现出了巨大潜力,也因其不透明性、无法预测性以及不当使用而引发争议,建设可信赖的人工智能教育应用(AIED)成为国际共识。可信赖AIED强调“以人为本”的价值宗旨,以可靠、安全的AI技术为底层基础,以合伦理性的理解和使用为关键保障,观照教育情境的复杂性,摒弃将通用AI伦理原则或其他AI应用领域的专业伦理原则生搬硬套到教育领域。英国作为人工智能伦理治理的先行者,在可信赖AIED建设方面积累了丰富经验,尤其体现在《人工智能保障生态系统路线图》中。该《路线图》从技术的开发、采购与使用三大阶段出发,分别采取伦理设计、伦理核查和AI素养培养等具体策略,构建了可信赖AIED的保障体系。借鉴英国AIED的典型举措,我国应在开发阶段对智能教育产品开展本土化的价值敏感设计,采购阶段对智能教育产品的可信赖度做出有意义的解释,使用阶段对师生用户的人工智能素养加以培养和提升,以推动技术开发者、产品采购者、一线使用者等利益相关方共促可信赖AIED的本地建设。Ar tificial intelligence(AI)has shown great potential in assisting teaching and learning.However,its opacity,unpredictability,and improper use have sparked controversies.Building trustworthy AI in education(AIED)has become an international consensus.Trustworthy AIED emphasizes a“people-centered”value,with reliable and secure AI technology as the underlying foundation and ethical understanding and usage as critical safeguards.Recognizing the complexity of educational contexts,it rejects the practice of mechanically applying general AI ethics principles or professional ethics principles from other AI application domains to the field of education.The United Kingdom,as a pioneer in AI ethics governance,has accumulated rich experience in constructing trustworthy AI in education,particularly evident in The Roadmap to an Effective AI Assurance Ecosystem.This roadmap starts from three significant phases:technology development,procurement and utilization.It adopts specific strategies such as ethical design,ethical verification,and AI literacy cultivation to establish a guarantee system for trustworthy AI in education.China should draw lessons from the UK’s specific initiatives in AI in education.During the development phase,it is essential to conduct value-sensitive design of intelligent education products that align with local values.In the procurement phase,meaningful explanations should be provided for the selection of intelligent education products.During the utilization phase,efforts should be made to cultivate and enhance AI literacy among teachers and students.By doing so,China can promote the local development of trustworthy AI in education by involving technology developers,product procurers and frontline users.

关 键 词：人工智能教育应用 可信赖人工智能 伦理设计 英国实践 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]