明清时期西江流域军事防御型聚落形态研究  

Research on Military Defensive Type Forms of Military Defensive Settlements in Xijiang River Basin in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：周彝馨 吕唐军 ZHOU Yixin;LYU Tangjun(South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642,China;Foshan University,Foshan 528000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,广州510642 [2]佛山科学技术学院,广东佛山528000

出　　处：《工业建筑》2023年第5期65-72,共8页Industrial Construction

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515011819);广东省普通高校“服务乡村振兴计划”重点领域专项(2019KZDZX2019);广州市哲学社会科学发展“十四五”规划广州大典(2023G2DD03)。

摘　　要：明清时期,西江流域虽远离中原的政治中心,却有着重要的战略地位。从明代开始建设了大量的军事防御型聚落,这些聚落既具有符合防御原理的共性,同时又具有与西南地区水系密切相关的乡土聚落个性。以类型学和比较方法研究该类型聚落,总结出该类型聚落的两类选址方向,并对聚落形态的5个方面进行论述,总结出西江流域军事防御型聚落5个层面的防御策略。西江流域众多的军事防御型聚落从选址到形态形成,均体现出多层次、多向度的防御策略。各聚落扼守着水陆网络体系的关键节点。依据先天和后天不同的环境和条件,综合运用多层级的防御策略,通过宏观层面围蔽、迷宫、集聚等原理与微观层面城垣、城门、护城河、瓮城、炮台、碉楼、瞭望孔、射击孔等军事防御设施的组合运用,形成丰富多彩、特色鲜明的聚落防御形态。聚落的系统完整,抵抗力稳定性高,形成了较强的防御灾害的能力。In the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the Xijiang river basin was far away from the political center of the central plains,but it had an important strategic position.Since the Ming Dynasty,a large number of military defensive settlements were built,which not only had the commonness in line with the defense principles,but also had characters of local settlements closely related to the water system in southwest China.This paper studies The types of settlements were studied by the typology and comparative methods,and summarizes the two types of site-settlement location directions of settlements,simultaneously discusses the five aspects of settlement forms were discussed.Finally,summarizes the defensive strategies at five levels of military defensive settlements in the Xijiang river basin were summarized.Numerous military defensive settlements in the Xijiang river basin reflected have formed a multi-level and multi-directional defensive strategy from the site selection to the settlement form.Each settlement guarding the key joints of amphibious network systems.According to differently the basis of congenital and acquired different environments and conditions,the integrated use of using multi-level defensive strategies comprenensively and combining the pringiples of through the macro level enclosures,mazes,agglomeration,and etc at the macro level with military derensive facilities at the micro level including city walls,principle,micro level walls,city gates,moats,enclosures for defence outside a city gate,barbettes,blockhouse,urn,fort,towers,lookouts,shooting holes,and etc,the combination of military defense facilities,formed and a rich and colorful,distinctive settlement defense form was established,Colony system is complete,high resistance stability,forming which had a stronger disaster-prevention,disaster response capability.

关 键 词：明清时期 西江流域 军事防御型聚落 防御形态 

分 类 号：TU982.29[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]