重评休谟的“美即快感”和桑塔耶纳的“美是客观化的快感”  

Revisiting Hume's "Beauty Is Pleasure" and Santayana's "Beauty Is the Pleasure of Objectification"

作　　者：张玉能[1,2,3] Zhang Yu'neng

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079 [2]南京大学 [3]华中师范大学

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（美学）》2021年第5期86-92,共7页Aesthetics

摘　　要：休谟的“美即快感”,用一种经验主义的错觉来探讨美的本质,把审美对象的美的属性归源于人的快感,这是一种因果倒置,以果定因的精神本体论,是主观唯心主义美论。桑塔耶纳的“美是客观化的快感”,虽然注意到了美的客观性,但还是把美的本质归源于快感这种精神本原,因而同样是主观唯心主义美论。主观唯心主义美论,就是把美的本质归结为人的意识、人的精神、人的快感。从根本上来看,主观唯心主义美论是错误的。新时期需防止主观唯心主义美论的死灰复燃,特别是要认清“美是客观化的快感”的主观唯心主义实质。Hume's"beauty is pleasure"discusses the essence of beauty with an empirical illusion and ascribe the beauty attributes of aesthetic objects to people's pleasure.This is a spiritual ontology of the inversion of cause and effect,which is a subjective idealist theory of beauty.Santayena's"beauty is the pleasure of objectification"was also a subjective idealist theory of beauty,although he noticed the objectivity of beauty to the spiritual origin of pleasure.The aesthetic theory of subjective idealism is to attribute the essence of beauty to human consciousness,human spirit and human pleasure.Fundamentally,the aesthetic theory of subjective idealism is wrong.In the new era,it is necessary to prevent the revival of subjective idealism,especially to recognize the subjective idealism essence of"beauty is the pleasure of objectification".

关 键 词：重评 休谟 “美即快感” 桑塔耶纳 “美是客观化的快感” 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]