修辞何以是伦理的延伸?  

Why is Rhetoric a Part of Ethics?

作　　者：刘松青 LIU Songqing(School of Humanities,Shanghai University of Finance&Economics)

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2023年第2期28-37,共10页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“规范性哲学研究”(21&ZD049)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：从正统的观点来看,修辞术的核心是“说服”,修辞家是以说服为业的艺匠。作为一种有力的言说技艺,修辞术似乎既可以用来呈现真相、凝聚共识,也可以用来蛊惑人心、操纵舆论,进而攫取各种利益等。这样看来,修辞好像无关善恶,而完全取决于说话者的目的。然而,柏拉图认为,修辞术并非与善恶无关,毋宁说,如果要过一种伦理上的美好生活,我们就必须将修辞术仅仅视为伦理学的延伸。柏拉图区分了作为诡诈奉承的修辞术与真正的修辞术,认为奉承的修辞术教人不择手段,实际上是对修辞术的滥用,而真正的修辞术以善为目的,导向个人心灵的和谐以及共同体的美好生活。因而,恰当地使用修辞是一个公民的基本修养,也是我们介入公共生活的必然要求。From an orthodox point of view,the core of rhetoric is persuasion,and the rhetorician is an artisan who takes eloquence as his profession.As a powerful speech skill,rhetoric seems to be used both to present the truth and gather consensus,and to demagogue people,manipulate public opinion,and then grab various interests,etc.In this way,rhetoric seems to have nothing to do with good or evil,but depends entirely on the speaker's purpose.However,Plato believes that rhetoric is part of ethics.Rather,if we want to live an ethical life,we must only regard rhetoric as an extension of ethics.Plato distinguishes between rhetoric as deceitful flattery and real rhetoric,He believes that flattering rhetoric teaches people to do things by fair means or foul,which was an abuse of rhetoric.While real rhetoric aims at goodness and guides the harmony of individual soul and the good life of the community.Therefore,using rhetoric properly is the basic accomplishment of a citizen,and is also a necessary requirement for us to interpose in public life.

关 键 词：修辞 说服 奉承 善 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]