环境权在基本权利体系中的展开  

On the Development of Environmental Rights in the System of Fundamental Rights

作　　者：王锴[1] Wang Kai

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学法学院,北京100083

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（宪法学、行政法学）》2020年第3期20-34,共15页CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

基　　金：2017年北京航空航天大学校级教改立项“基本权利限制研究”(项目编号:430985)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：环境权的法律规定不足导致学者转向宪法寻找环境权的规范基础。环境权要想成为宪法上的基本权利,必须解决其是否属于主观权利、从宪法何条推导而出以及环境权的请求权内容有哪些等三个问题。环境权虽然旨在保护环境公益,但仍可以作为主观权利,一方面,环境权是一种可以由集体成员行使的集体权利,另一方面,通过客观法的再主观化,国家的保护环境义务可以成为公民针对国家的环境保护请求权。环境权作为新兴人权,可以通过解释我国《宪法》第33条第3款的概括性人权保障条款而得出,并遵循人的尊严的认定方法。环境权属于基本权利体系中的社会权,包含两种请求权内容,一是请求国家提供符合人的生存需要的清洁安全的环境,二是基于平等原则,请求共享良好的环境。我国环境权入宪的现实意义在于弥补环境公益诉讼的不足。Insufficient legal provisions on the environmental right have led scholars to seek the normative basis of the environmental right in the Constitution.In order to make the environment right become a fundamental right in the Constitution,three questions must be answered that whether it is a subjective right,from which article of the Constitution it is derived,and what the content of the claim of the environmental right is.Although the environmental right aims to protect public interests in environment,it can still be regarded as a subjective right.On the one hand,the environmental right is a collective right that can be exercised by collective members,on the other hand,through the resubjectivisation of objective law,the obligation of the state to protect the environment may turn into a citizen's claim of environmental protection towards the state.As an emerging human right,the environment right may be derived through interpreting the general provision on human rights protection of Article 33(3)of the Constitution of China,and be determined by following the method of respecting human dignity.The environment right belongs to the social right in the system of fundamental rights and contains two kinds of claims.The first is to request the state to provide a clean and healthy environment that meets the people's survival needs.The second is to request to share a good environment based on the principle of equality.The practical significance of incorporating the environmental right in the Constitution is to make up the shortcomings of environmental public interest litigation.

关 键 词：环境权 主观权利 新兴人权 社会权 

分 类 号：D92[政治法律—法学]