轮轨接触关系对货运小半径曲线钢轨磨耗和疲劳伤损的影响  

Influence of Wheel-Rail Contact Relationship on Wear and Fatigue Defects of Rail in Small Radius Curve for Freight Railway

作　　者：杨光 刘丰收 李闯 张银花 周韶博 梁旭 YANG Guang;LIU Fengshou;LI Chuang;ZHANG Yinhua;ZHOU Shaobo;LIANG Xu(Metals and Chemistry Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司金属及化学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第4期187-194,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB2601000);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2022YJ165)。

摘　　要：针对货运小半径曲线钢轨的磨耗和疲劳伤损问题,通过长期跟踪测试获得小半径曲线钢轨的廓形和表面状态演变规律,建立基于实测轮轨参数的货运车辆-曲线轨道系统耦合动力学模型;利用动力学仿真手段,研究小半径曲线钢轨不同磨耗阶段的轮轨接触关系变化规律,以及轮轨蠕滑作用变化对钢轨磨耗、接触疲劳伤损的影响,并分析小半径曲线钢轨的合理润滑时机。结果表明:曲线上股钢轨磨耗在服役初期以垂磨为主,后期以侧磨为主;曲线下股钢轨以垂磨为主,垂磨速率与上股钢轨基本相当;随着钢轨磨耗的增大,轮对横移量、轮轨接触范围和钢轨光带宽度均逐渐增大,曲线上股钢轨的工作边轮轨蠕滑作用也逐渐增大且磨耗占主导地位,不易出现接触疲劳伤损,曲线下股钢轨的表面伤损程度不断减轻;曲线上股钢轨出现侧磨后再进行润滑作业,既能降低侧磨速率,又能降低接触疲劳损伤发生的概率。Aiming at the wear and fatigue damage of rail in small radius curve for freight railway,the evolution laws of rail profile and surface state in small radius curve were obtained through long-term tracking test.Based on measured wheel-rail parameters,a coupling dynamics model of freight vehicle-curve track system was established.By means of dynamic simulation,the variation laws of wheel-rail contact relationship of small radius curved rail in different wear stages were studied,as well as the influence of wheel-rail creep on rail wear and contact fatigue damage.The reasonable lubrication time of rail in small radius curve was analyzed.The results show that,the high rail in small radius curve is mainly subjected to vertical wear in the early stage of service,and the side wear in the later stage.The low rail is mainly subject to vertical wear,and the vertical wear rate is basically equivalent to that of the high rail.As the rail wear increases,the lateral displacement of wheelset,the range of wheel-rail contact,and the width of the rail light band gradually increase.The wheel-rail creep of the working side of the high rail in curve also increases with the wear in dominant position,which is less likely to occur contact fatigue damage.And the surface damage degree of the low rail in curve is continuously reduced.The lubrication should be implemented after the occurrence of the side wear in high rail,which can reduce not only the rate of side wear,but also the probability of contact fatigue damage.

关 键 词：小半径曲线钢轨 货运铁路 轮轨接触关系 磨耗速率 疲劳指数 

分 类 号：U211.5[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]