从“瞽叟通文”到“瞽目启明”——基督教与近代北京的盲人教育  

Christianity and the Blind Education in Modern Peking

作　　者：周东华[1] 汤方婷 Zhou Donghua;Tang Fangting

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学民国浙江史研究中心 [2]杭州师范大学历史系

出　　处：《复印报刊资料（中国近代史）》2020年第4期67-81,共15页MODERN HISTORY OF CHINA

摘　　要：北京启明瞽目院是中国第一所近代特殊教育机构,其前身为瞽叟通文馆,由英格兰圣经公会的穆威廉创办,其“瞽目教育”给教养兼失的盲人们带来了身心上的双重福音。建校初期,学校旨在帮助盲生识字明道,传播基督教福音,而由穆威廉自创的中文盲字——“康熙盲字”,则为盲人识字提供了可能。1921年学校二度重开,受“非基督教运动”和“收回教育权运动”影响,学校宗旨改为培养警目实业人才,职业教育突出,世俗化倾向明显。本文拟根据启明目院历年报告,以基础教育、灵命教育和职业教育三方面为线索,以期展现启明目院的教育内容与成效及其存在的问题,勾勒出中国近代特殊教育的基本范式。The Hill Murray Institute for the Blind in Beijing was the first special education institution in modern China.The school grew out of the Mission to the Chinese Blind,and it was founded by William Hill Murray who was from the Bible Society of England.The education for the blind really brought both physical and mentally gospel to the blind.In the early stage,the aim of the school was namely to learn the words and understand the truths,which was designed to preaching the truths of the Christianity as opportunity offers.Moreover,it used the Murray Numeral System which was invented by William Hill Murray as a learning tool.In the year of 1912,the school was modified.Because of the anti-Christianity movement and the regaining education rights movement,the great aim of the Institute was namely to teach the blind children useful industries.Then the occupational education of the Institute was valued,and the secularization tendency was highlighted.Based on the material from the annual report of the Institute and others,this article will use elementary education,spiritual education and occupational education as the clue to deal with the following questions:what is the content and effect of the education,including the problem in it.After that,we can see the basic form of the special education institution in modern China.

关 键 词：北京启明瞽目院 瞽叟通文馆 穆威廉瞽目教育 中文盲字 

分 类 号：G76[文化科学—特殊教育学]