纳帕海高原湿地土壤微生物群落对土地利用方式改变的响应  

Responses of Soil Microbial Communities to Land Use Changes in the Napahai Plateau Wetlands

作　　者：吕晶花 李聪 杨志东 刘攀 陆梅[2] 任玉连 田昆 赵旭燕 陈志明 LV Jing-hua;LI Cong;YANG Zhi-dong;LIU Pan;LU Mei;REN Yu-lian;TIAN Kun;ZHAO Xu-yan;CHEN Zhi-ming(Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Wetland Conservation,Restoration and Ecological Services,Kunming 650224,China;College of Ecology and Environment,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming 650224,China;The National Center for Plateau Wetland,Kunming 650224,China;Institute of Highland Forestry Science,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Kunming 650224,China;College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;Napahai Nature Reserve Management and Protection Bureau,Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture,Daqing 674400,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室,云南昆明650224 [2]西南林业大学生态与环境学院,云南昆明650224 [3]国家高原湿地研究中心,云南昆明650224 [4]中国林科院高原林业研究所,云南昆明650233 [5]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵州贵阳550025 [6]纳帕海省级自然保护区管护局,云南香格里拉674400

出　　处：《土壤通报》2023年第3期682-694,共13页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(42067011);云南省高原湿地保护修复与生态服务重点实验室开放基金项目(202105AG070002);云南省中青年学术技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160047);云南省应用基础研究面上项目(202001AT070113)资助。

摘　　要：【目的】探明高原湿地不同土地利用方式下土壤理化性质的改变对微生物群落结构及多样性的影响,为纳帕海高原湿地土地利用管理提供理论依据。【方法】以人类活动干扰下形成的放牧草地和耕地为研究对象,以自然沼泽湿地为对照,运用Illumina高通量测序技术比较不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物群落结构和多样性特征,并采用Mantel test分析土壤理化环境改变对土壤微生物群落的影响。【结果】①相较于自然沼泽湿地,耕作与放牧显著降低了土壤含水量、有机质、全氮和速效氮,却提高了全磷、碳氮比和容重(P<0.05)。②耕作和放牧显著增加土壤细菌与真菌α多样性(P<0.05),三种利用方式间β多样性差异显著(P<0.01)。③耕作和放牧显著改变细菌和真菌群落结构,其中耕作使变形菌门、厚壁菌门和绿弯菌门相对丰度显著增加21.07%~123.61%,酸杆菌门、放线菌门和芽单胞菌门显著减小62.7%~75.29%;耕作使子囊菌门、担子菌门、接合菌门相对丰度显著减小71.33%~96.47%,未分类真菌门相对丰度显著增加722.97%;放牧使细菌浮霉菌门和疣微菌门增加57.46%、179.12%,却使变形菌门、芽单胞菌门和拟杆菌门显著减少16.23%~67.16%(P<0.05)。放牧使担子菌门和子囊菌门相对丰度分别增加34.57%、105.94%,而使未分类的真菌门和接合菌门显著分别减少45.66%、93.90%。④Mantel test分析表明,土壤含水量、有机质、全氮是影响细菌和真菌多样性的主要因子,而土壤磷、钾和pH是影响土壤细菌和真菌群落结构的主控因子。【结论】耕作与放牧主要引起湿地旱化、土壤碳氮养分降低及全磷含量提高,从而导致湿地土壤微生物代谢类型的组成改变及多样性增加。[Objective]This study aimed to explore the effects of the alterations in soil physicochemical properties on microbial structure and diversity driven by the land-use changes,thus providing a theoretical basis for land use management of the Napahai Plateau wetlands.[Method]The Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology was applied to determine the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities across the different land-use patterns(i.e.,grazing grassland,cultivated land,and a natural swamp wetland(CK)).A Mantel test was also utilized to reveal the impacts of the changes in soil physicochemical environments on microbial communities.[Result]①In contrast to natural swamp wetland,tillage and grazing activities significantly reduced soil water content,organic matter,and total nitrogen and available nitrogen,but increased total phosphorus,carbon to nitrogen ratio,and bulk density(P<0.05).②Tillage and grazing activities significantly increased theα-diversities of soil bacterial and fungal communities(P<0.05),and theβ-diversity was different between the three land-use types(P<0.01).③Tillage and grazing activities significantly changed soil bacterial and fungal structures.Tillage increased the relative abundances(21.07%-123.61%)of Proteobacteria,Firmicutes and Chlorobacteria,while those of Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Gemmatimonadetes decreased by 62.7%-75.29%.Tillage reduced the relative abundances(71.33%-96.47%)of Ascomycetes,Basidiomycetes,and Zygomycetes,while those of unclassified fungi increased by 722.97%.Grazing activities increased the relative abundances of Verrucomicrobia(57.46%)and Planctomycetes(179.12%),but reduced those(16.23%-67.16%)of Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes and Gemmatimonadetes(P<0.05).Grazing activities significantly increased the relative abundances of Basidiomycetes(34.57%)and Ascomycetes(105.94%),while they decreased the abundances of Zygomycetes(93.90%)and unclassified fungi phylum(45.66%).④The results from Mantel test showed that soil water content,organic matter,and t

关 键 词：纳帕海 高原湿地 土地利用变化 高通量测序 微生物结构 微生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]