基于生态系统服务重要性的国土空间生态安全格局研究——以哈尔滨市域为例  

Spatial Ecological Security Pattern Construction Based on Ecosystem Service Function Evaluation——A Case Study of Harbin

作　　者：徐嘉 许大为[1] 曲琛 XU Jia;XU Da-wei;QU Chen(College of Landscape Architecture,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学园林学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2023年第4期304-312,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(42171246);黑龙江省重点研发项目(GZ20210193)。

摘　　要：构建生态安全格局是保证国土空间生态安全与城市可持续发展的重要途径,对城市生态环境改善至关重要。以哈尔滨规划区为研究对象,在生物多样性、水源供给、土壤保持、碳储量服务功能评估的基础上提取生态源地,设定阻力面并通过最小累计阻力模型识别生态廊道,定量衡量与定性分析相结合构建生态安全格局。结果表明,哈尔滨市域生态系统服务呈现显著空间异质特征,东南方向高、城区中心低的分布格局;识别生态源点17个,提取重要生态廊道11条,一般廊道40条。划分出高、较高、中、低安全区并判别重要生态战略点38个,一般生态战略点18个;根据78处生态断裂点提出修复连通措施;在构建生态安全格局基础上,提出了“一轴、一带、四区”生态安全格局优化策略。综合考虑生态系统服务重要性、生态要素流动稳定性、生态结构完整性,实现从被动修复到主动适应的城市安全格局构建,为哈尔滨市域国土空间生态安全保护与城市生态可持续发展提供科学支持。Constructing the ecological security pattern is an important way to ensure the ecological security and sustainable development of the national land space,and it is crucial for the improvement of urban ecological environment.Taking the Harbin planning area as the research object,based on the evaluation of biodiversity,water supply,soil conservation,and carbon storage service functions,ecological sources were extracted,and ecological corridors were identified after calculating the resistance surface by using the minimum cumulative resistance model.Quantitative measurement and qualitative analysis were combined to construct an ecological security pattern.The results showed that Harbin's urban ecosystem services presented significant spatial heterogeneity,with a distribution pattern of high in the southeast and low in the urban center.Seventeen ecological source points were identified,11 important and 40 general ecological corridors were extracted.The study area was divided into high,relatively high,medium and low safety areas.Thirty eight important and 18 general ecology strategic points were identified.According to 78 ecological break points,restoring and connecting measures were proposed.On the basis of constructing the ecological security pattern,the optimization strategy of the"one axis,one belt,four districts"ecological security pattern was proposed.The study comprehensively takes the ecology related aspects into consideration,including the importance of ecosystem services,the flow stability of ecological elements,and the integrity of ecological structure,to realize the construction of an urban security pattern from passive restoration to active adaptation,which provides a reference for the ecological security protection of Harbin's urban territorial space and regional sustainable development.

关 键 词：国土空间 生态系统服务 最小累积阻力模型 生态安全格局 哈尔滨市 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]