上海市嘉定区802名小学生心理健康状况及影响因素分析  

Analysis of Mental Health Status and Influencing Factors of 802 Primary School Students in Jiading District of Shanghai

作　　者：王小卉 王颖[2] 朱琰泓 张琴[1] 王静夷 薛俊磊 程仁杰 杨飞飞 彭慧[1] WANG Xiao-hui;WANG Ying;ZHU Yan-hong;ZHANG Qin;WANG Jing-yi;XUE Jun-lei;CHENG Ren-jie;YANG Fei-fei;PENG Hui(Center for Dis ease Contstrict,Shanghai,201800,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市嘉定区疾病预防控制中心,上海201800 [2]复旦大学公共卫生学院,上海200032

出　　处：《中国初级卫生保健》2023年第7期98-102,共5页Chinese Primary Health Care

基　　金：上海市公共卫生体系建设三年行动计划(2020—2022年)重点学科建设计划项目(GWV-10.1-XK18);China Medical Board(CMB)资助(Grant#22-472);上海市卫生健康委项目(202040248);上海市嘉定区公共卫生优秀人才培养计划—学科后备带头人项目。

摘　　要：目的:了解上海市嘉定区4~5年级小学生心理健康状况,探索影响小学生心理健康的危险因素,为实施心理干预提供理论依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样方法,对嘉定区4所学校4~5年级802名小学生进行问卷调查,采用“心理健康诊断测验”量表测评学生心理状况。结果:全量表中心理问题检出率为16.6%,分量表中学习焦虑检出率最高,为11.8%。分析结果显示:女生在恐怖倾向上的检出率(10.1%)高于男生(4.5%),随迁子女学校的学生在学习焦虑和自责倾向上的检出率(16%、6.3%)高于公办学校的学生(7.4%、3.3%),外地户口学生的学习焦虑检出率(13.3%)高于本地户口的学生(7.0%),本地户口学生身体症状的检出率(9.1%)高于外地户口学生(5.2%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。二元逐步logistic回归分析结果显示与父亲关系一般(OR=1.774,95%CI:1.061~2.968)和不知道如何寻求心理帮助(OR=1.707,95%CI:1.140~2.555)是影响学生心理健康的危险因素。结论:嘉定区小学生的心理健康状况问题不容忽视,学生的心理健康水平与父亲亲子关系及是否知道如何寻求心理帮助相关,家长和学校应共同努力,守护孩子的心理健康。OBJECTIVE To understand the mental health status of primary school students in grade 4~5 in Jiading district of Shanghai,explore the risk factors affecting the mental health of primary school students,and provide theoretical basis for targeted in⁃tervention.METHODS A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select 4~5 grade students from 4 schools in Jiading District,and a unified questionnaire survey was conducted to evaluate the psychological status with the Mental Health Test(MHT).RESULTS A total of 802 primary school students were 444 boys and 358 girls.The detection rate of psychological problems in the full scale was 16.6%,and the detection rate of learning anxiety in the sub-scale was the highest(11.8%).The results showed that the detec⁃tion rate of terror tendency in girls was higher than that in boys(10.1%vs 4.5%,P<0.05).The detection rates of learning anxiety and self-blame tendency of students in migrant children’s schools were higher than those in public schools(16%vs 7.4%,6.3%vs 3.3%,P<0.05);the learning anxiety of students with provincial household registration was higher than that of students with local household registration(13.3%vs 7.0%,P<0.05).The detection rate of physical symptoms of students with local household registra⁃tion was higher than that of students with provincial household registration(9.1%vs 5.2%,P<0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that general relationship with father(OR=1.774,95%CI:1.061~2.968)and not knowing how to seek psychologi⁃cal help(OR=1.707,95%CI:1.140~2.555)were risk factors affecting students’mental health.CONCLUSION The mental health status of primary school students in Jiading district is more serious.The mental health level of students in the area is related to the relationship between children and fathers and whether they know how to seek psychological help.Parents and schools should work to⁃gether to protect children’s mental health growth.

关 键 词：小学生 心理健康 心理健康诊断测验 父子关系 心理帮助 学习焦虑 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]