价值导向的注意刷新及其机制  

Value-directed attentional refreshing and its mechanism

作　　者：李海峰 林世卿 万博温 LI Haifeng;LIN Shiqing;WAN Bowen(School of Psychology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学心理学院,福州350117

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第8期1234-1242,共9页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：人们能够优先处理工作记忆中更有价值的信息,可能是因为人们在工作记忆维持阶段优先刷新了这些信息。那么,人们是如何优先刷新这些信息的呢?本文通过价值导向的记忆范式操纵信息的价值,结合点探测任务(实验1和实验2)和空白屏范式(实验3)考察了价值导向的注意刷新及其机制。结果表明:(1)高价值项目的记忆成绩优于低价值项目;(2)不论项目是同时还是继时呈现,相比低价值项目,高价值项目对应位置的点探测反应时显著更快;(3)相比低价值项目,被试在高价值项目对应位置的注视频率显著更高。上述结果表明,价值能够引导注意刷新;价值导向的注意刷新可能是通过增加高价值信息的刷新频率来实现的。Attentional refreshing is the process of promoting and prolonging the activation of information in working memory(WM)by returning it to the focus of attention.This process can prevent the information in WM from fading over time or being disrupted by distractors.Previous studies have demonstrated that attentional refreshing can be guided by retro-cues or influenced by various experiences,such as reward-related or self-related stimuli.Recent studies have also explored the value effect in WM and found that people tend to prioritize more valuable information in WM,indicating that value may play a role in guiding attentional refreshing during retention.In a groundbreaking study by Atkinson et al.(2022),attentional refreshing was shown to partially explain the value effect in WM.However,the study was unable to determine why high-value information was prioritized for refreshing.It has been suggested that the value effect in WM may be due to a biased attentional refreshing procedure where individuals tend to focus more frequently or for longer periods on the more valuable item during retention,as compared to the other items.To investigate the value-directed attentional refreshing and its underlying mechanism,this study conducted three experiments.The sample size for each experiment was determined using G*power based on prior research,with 24,23,and 24 participants in Experiments 1,2,and 3,respectively.All experiments were designed with a within-subject design,with the independent variable being the value of the item(high or low).In Experiments 1 and 2,a value-directed memory paradigm and a dot probe task were used to examine whether high-value information was refreshed with higher priority than low-value information.Participants were asked to memorize 6 letters simultaneously(Experiment 1)or sequentially(Experiment 2)that were each assigned a value(e.g.,1 or 9)and perform a dot probe task during the memory retention stage.The probe stimuli appeared in either high-or low-value positions,and participants had to identify wh

关 键 词：注意刷新 价值导向 工作记忆 刷新频率 注视时间 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]