儿童期创伤与共情的关系:一项三水平元分析  

Association between childhood maltreatment and empathy: A three-level meta-analytic review

作　　者：孟现鑫 俞德霖 陈怡静 张玲 傅小兰[2,3] MENG Xianxin;YU Delin;CHEN Yijing;ZHANG Lin;FU Xiaolan(School of Psychology,Fujian Normal University,Fuzhou 350117,China;State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Science,Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]福建师范大学心理学院,福州350117 [2]中国科学院心理研究所,脑与认知科学国家重点实验室,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学心理系,北京100101

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第8期1285-1300,I0004-I0006,共19页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31600886,61621136008)资助。

摘　　要：本研究运用三水平元分析技术系统探讨儿童期创伤与共情的关系及其调节因素。通过文献检索与筛选,获得46项研究和352个效应量,共包含23039名被试。元分析结果发现,儿童期创伤与共情存在显著负相关(r=−0.076)。儿童期创伤类型存在调节作用,躯体忽视(r=−0.095)与情感忽视(r=−0.128)均与共情显著负相关,而躯体虐待(r=0.005)、情感虐待(r=−0.051)和性虐待(r=−0.058)均与共情相关不显著。共情成分存在调节作用,在认知共情中,儿童期创伤与观点采择(r=−0.127)显著负相关,而与幻想(r=−0.044)相关不显著;在情感共情中,儿童期创伤与共情关注(r=−0.148)显著负相关,而与个人痛苦(r=0.153)显著正相关。本研究首次系统比较了不同类型儿童期创伤与共情的关系以及儿童期创伤在共情各成分上的效应,并提出了培养共情的建议。A considerable number of studies have discussed the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy,but the results have been mixed.Theoretically,there are four main arguments regarding the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy.Attachment theory suggests that childhood maltreatment predisposes individuals to an insecure attachment style that is detrimental to empathy development.The facial feedback hypothesis and“like-me”hypothesis suggest that neglected children have fewer opportunities to imitate others’facial expressions,and show deficits in empathy.However,the perception-action model argues that individuals with childhood maltreatment are more likely to empathize with others who have traumatic experiences,while the Russian doll model implies that the association between childhood maltreatment and empathy may not be linear.Empirically,current research has reported an inconsistent correlation between childhood maltreatment and empathy,with r values ranging from−0.451 to 0.86.Therefore,the present meta-analysis aimed to estimate the extent to which childhood maltreatment is associated with empathy and whether these associations vary depending on the study or sample characteristics such as the type of childhood maltreatment,gender,and age.A systematic literature review was conducted using Web of Science,ScienceDirect,PubMed,PsycARTICLES,CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure),CSTJD(China Science and Technology Journal Database)and WFD(Wan Fang Data).Three-level meta-analyses were performed using R to synthesize the effect sizes and conduct moderator analyses.Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression tests.No significant publication bias was observed in any of the studies.A total of 46 studies(N=23039 participants)producing 352 effect sizes were included.The results showed that the correlation between childhood maltreatment and empathy was significantly negative but only to a small extent(r=−0.076,95%CI[−0.117,−0.035]).Moderator analysis rev

关 键 词：儿童期创伤 共情 观点采择 个人痛苦 元分析 

分 类 号：B844[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] C912.6[哲学宗教—心理学]