熟悉度促进人们与垃圾分类中的志愿者合作及其作用机制  

Familiarity promotes resident cooperation with volunteers in waste separation

作　　者：张萱 刘萍萍[1,2] ZHANG Xuan;LIU Ping-Ping(CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Institute of Psychology,Beijing 100101,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院心理健康重点实验室(中国科学院心理研究所),北京100101 [2]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京100049

出　　处：《心理学报》2023年第8期1358-1371,共14页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(72174194);中国科学院与日本学术振兴会共同研究资助项目(GJHZ2095);中国科学院心理研究所科研项目(Y9CX391008,E2CX3315CX)。

摘　　要：垃圾急剧增长严重污染环境,亟需垃圾分类和减量,没有桶前志愿者监管,垃圾混放污染率居高不下。而居民不配合志愿者的情况时有发生,如何促进居民与志愿者合作?基于声誉关注和社会距离理论,为解决垃圾分类困境,本研究实施3个情境实验和1个质性访谈调研,考察对志愿者的熟悉度(高/低/陌生)、志愿者年龄(小学生/年轻人/老年人)如何影响不同年龄的居民(中青年和老年人)的合作性,及其内在作用机制。结果发现,人们对志愿者熟悉度越高,合作性越高;在低熟悉条件下,对老年志愿者合作性更高(实验1和实验2)。同中青年被试相比,老年被试对老年志愿者的合作性更高,但同陌生志愿者的合作性低于中青年被试(实验2)。社会距离和声誉关注可作为熟悉度促进合作的心理机制,起到链式中介作用(实验3)。多元回归分析和质性调研结果表明,社区里居民熟悉的志愿者监管引导,及居民自身的亲社会性,在垃圾分类推广中起着关键作用。这些重要发现为垃圾分类的推行及降低成本提供了参考价值和科学支撑。Despite the growing urgency of waste separation as an environmental concern,the rates of contamination from unsorted waste remain high without the monitoring from volunteers.How can we facilitate collaboration between residents and volunteers?To address the dilemma of waste separation,the present study conducted three experiments and one qualitative interview based on the theories of competitive altruism and social influence to investigate the effects of familiarity and age on residents'cooperation,as well as the mediating roles of reputational concern and social distance.Using scenarios,participants were asked to read the instructions(each representing one of the conditions),and then to predict the extent of probability that they would cooperate in each condition.Experiment 1 adopted a 3(volunteer age group:primary children/younger/older)×3(volunteer familiarity:high/low/unfamiliar)within-subjects design to examine the differences in the cooperation of young people(M=20.16±1.01 years)with volunteers in different conditions.Experiment 2 adopted a 2(participant age group:younger/older;between-subjects variable)×3(volunteer age group:primary children/younger/older;within-subjects variable)×3(volunteer familiarity:high/low/unfamiliar;within-subjects variable)mixed design,to examine the age-related differences of the cooperation between younger people(M=40.63±7.60 years)and older people(M=68.90±4.97 years)with volunteers in different conditions.The findings of Experiment 1 were replicated.Experiment 3 adopted a 2(volunteer age group:younger/older)×2(volunteer familiarity:high/unfamiliar)within-subjects design,and it lasted for four weeks at an interval of one week for each participant.Experiment 3 aimed to examine the mediating role of reputational concern and social distance in familiarity and cooperation.Experiment 1 showed that participants cooperated more with the high familiar volunteers than with the low familiar or strange volunteers.The higher the familiarity,the greater the cooperative intention.As ag

关 键 词：熟悉度 年龄差异 声誉关注 社会距离 合作 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]