新疆塔里木河流域生态文明建设对策建议  

Suggestions for the construction of ecological civilization in the Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang

作　　者：杨昕馨[1] 赵少军[2] YANG Xin-xin;ZHAO Shao-jun(Xinjiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower School,Xinjiang Urumqi 830013;Xinjiang Tarim River Basin Administration,Xinjiang Kulle 841000)

机构地区：[1]新疆水利水电学校,新疆乌鲁木齐830013 [2]新疆塔里木河流域管理局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《地下水》2023年第3期251-253,共3页Ground water

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金面上项目(2021D01A101);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划(XJEDU2020Y018);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201501059)联合资助。

摘　　要：水是山水林田湖草沙系统治理的核心,是制约塔里木河流域经济社会高质量发展和生态文明建设的首要问题和关键要素。通过对塔里木河流域2000年前生态环境状况与面临形势进行分析,综合2000年以来流域综合治理成效,对未来流域生态文明建设提出对策。结果认为:受气候变化与人类水土资源过度开发的影响,流域内人工绿洲面积持续增加、天然绿洲面积不断萎缩,人与自然争水矛盾日渐突出、河湖生态系统持续退化给流域水环境、水安全、水生态带来了严峻挑战;近年来主要从健全流域管理体制机制、完善流域重要水利基础设施、强化水资源管理和节约利用三个方面进行了综合治理工作并取得显著成效;针对新形势下流域生态保护面临的问题,从坚持节水优先、健全水资源管理体制机制、补齐水利工程短板增强流域水资源调蓄能力、大力实施流域生态治理工程、启动塔里木河流域综合治理二期等五个方面提出流域生态文明建设的对策建议。研究成果对于实现流域生态保护与修复、经济社会高质量发展具有重要作用。同时也为指导西北干旱区类似流域综合治理提供了技术参考与示范案例。Water is the core of the system of mountain,water,forest,lake,grass and sand management,and is the primary issue and key element that restricts the high-quality economic and social development and ecological civilization construction in the Tarim River Basin.By analysing the ecological and environmental situation in the Tarim River basin before 2000 and the situation facing it,and by synthesising the effectiveness of the comprehensive management of the basin since 2000,countermeasures are proposed for the future construction of ecological civilisation in the basin.The results conclude that,due to the impact of climate change and over-exploitation of human water and soil resources,the area of artificial oases in the basin continues to increase while the area of natural oases continues to shrink,and the conflict between man and nature over water is becoming more and more prominent,while the continuous degradation of river and lake ecosystems has posed serious challenges to the water environment,water security and water ecology in the basin;In recent years,comprehensive management work has been carried out in three main areas:improving the institutional mechanism for river basin management,improving the important water conservancy infrastructure in the river basin,and strengthening the management and conservation of water resources,and significant results have been achieved;In view of the problems faced by the ecological protection of the river basin under the new situation,five countermeasures are proposed for the construction of ecological civilization in the river basin,including insisting on the priority of water conservation,improving the institutional mechanism of water resources management,making up for the shortcomings of water conservancy projects to enhance the water resources storage capacity of the river basin,vigorously implementing ecological management projects in the river basin,and launching the second phase of comprehensive management of the Tarim River Basin.The research results are important for

关 键 词：水资源 生态文明 节水调蓄 系统治理 塔里木河流域 

分 类 号：X143[环境科学与工程—环境科学]