天水旱作区马铃薯氮磷钾效应模型构建及其施肥指标研究  

Establishment of NPK Fertilizer Effect Function Model on Potato and Study of Fertilization Index in the Dry Area

作　　者：颉炜清[1] 郭华春[2] 方彦杰[3] 徐银萍 佘永新[5] 吕汰[1] 李芳弟[1] 王鹏[1] XIE Weiqing;GUO Huachun;FANG Yanjie;XU Yinping;SHE Yongxin;LYU Tai;LI Fangdi;WANG Peng(Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Science,Tianshui,Gansu 741000;Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute,College of Agronomy and Biotechnology,Yunnan Agriculture Univercity,Kunming,Yunnan 650201;Institute of Dryland Farming,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;Institute of Industrial Crops and Malting Barley,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou,Gansu 730070;Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省天水市农业科学研究所,甘肃天水741000 [2]云南农业大学农学与生物技术学院薯类作物研究所,云南昆明650201 [3]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [5]中国农业科学院农业质量标准与检测技术研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《核农学报》2023年第8期1668-1680,共13页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1600105);国家现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-09)。

摘　　要：为研究天水旱作马铃薯主产区氮磷钾肥料效应及施肥指标,采用3年肥料试验,明确土壤基础养分状况、校正系数、养分利用率等参数,探索土壤氮、磷、钾养分丰缺指标和相对产量及推荐施肥量,构建土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾与土壤有效养分校正系数和推荐施肥量函数方程及氮磷钾肥料效应模型,并研究肥料配施对马铃薯产量的影响。结果表明,天水旱作马铃薯主产区土壤养分总体表现为低氮、中磷、高钾、低有机质,微偏碱。土壤有效养分校正系数与碱解氮、有效磷及速效钾含量之间呈显著幂指数负相关关系。试验区土壤地力贡献率均值为54.39%,氮、磷和钾肥相对产量分别为77.64%、87.57%、84.22%,氮、磷和钾养分增产率分别为30.74%、16.68%、23.08%,氮、磷和钾养分吸收利用率分别为32.58%、16.32%、45.40%,土壤有效养分校正系数分别为氮0.56、磷0.48、钾0.35,100 kg块茎所吸收N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O养分的量分别为0.4、0.15、0.9 kg。本试验条件下,氮、磷和钾增施对马铃薯产量的单因素及互作效应均表现为先上升后下降,以N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)氮磷钾配施组合产量最高。最高产量下的氮磷钾施肥用量为N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶0.97∶0.92(N:165 kg·hm^(-2)),产量为24860.32 kg·hm^(-2),施肥利润为34472元·hm^(-2);经济最佳产量下的氮磷钾施肥用量为N∶P_(2)O_(5)∶K_(2)O=1∶1.04∶0.79(N:154 kg·hm^(-2)),产量为24774 kg·hm^(-2),施肥利润为34603元·hm^(-2)。本研究结果可为天水旱作区马铃薯生产上平衡施肥提供科学依据和技术参考。To determine influence of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and fertilization indexes in the main potato producing areas under dry weather,3-year fertilizer experiment was conducted to clarify soil basic nutrient status,correction coefficient,nutrient utilization rate and other parameters,and to explore the abundance and deficiency indexes of soil nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium(K)nutrients,relative yield and recommended fertilizer application amount.The correction coefficient of soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium and soil available nutrient,the function equation of recommended fertilizer amount and the effect model of N,P and K fertilizer were established to study the effect of fertilizer combined application on potato yield.Results showed that the soil nutrients were low nitrogen,medium phosphorus,high potassium,low organic matter and slightly alkaline.There was a significant power exponential negative correlation between the correction coefficient of soil available nutrient and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium.The average contribution rate of soil fertility in the experimental area was 54.39%;the relative yields by N,P and K were 77.64%,87.57%and 84.22%,and the yield increased by N,P and K were 30.74%,16.68%and 23.08%,respectively.The nutrient absorption and utilization rates of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 32.58%,16.32%and 45.40%,respectively.The correction coefficients of available nutrients in soil were nitrogen 0.56,phosphorus 0.48 and potassium 0.35.The amount of nutrients absorbed by100 kg tuber was N 0.4 kg,P2O 0.15 kg and K_(2)O 0.9 kg,respectively.Under the experimental conditions,the single factor and interaction effect of increased application of N,P and K on potato yield were firstly increased and then decreased.The highest yield combination of combined application of N,P and K was N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)。The maximum yield was 24860.32 kg·hm^(-2),the fertilizer amount N∶P_(2)O_(5)�

关 键 词：旱作区 马铃薯 效应模型构建 施肥指标 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]