话语标记的形成机制与前沿课题  

Formation Mechanisms of Discourse Markers and the Frontier Topics

作　　者：李思旭[1] LI Sixu(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Anhui University,Hefei 230039,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学文学院,安徽合肥230039

出　　处：《外国语》2023年第3期70-81,共12页Journal of Foreign Languages

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“部分量编码方式的类型学研究”(12CYY003);国家社科基金一般项目“固化三音词的词汇化、语法化和构式化研究”(17BYY162)。

摘　　要：国内外学者对话语标记形成机制的分歧,主要集中在语法化、词汇化和语用化上。本文认为,汉语话语标记数量众多,形成机制多样:复音词形式的话语标记是先词汇化再语法化,单音词形式的话语标记是语法化;短语、小句形式的话语标记是语用化。无论是哪种机制形成的话语标记,最终都会涉及语用因素,语用化只在话语标记形成的末端才起作用。接入语语法的“征用”机制,对汉语话语标记的适用度有限,只能解释短语、小句形式话语标记的形成,不能解释词形式话语标记的形成。话语标记是语用标记的一个小类,两者之间要作区分,不能混用。汉语方言和中国境内民族语言话语标记的类型学研究,以及话语标记的二语习得和信息处理研究,是目前国内话语标记研究的前沿课题。Scholars hold different views on the formation mechanisms of discourse markers,which mainly focus on grammaticalization,lexicalization and pragmaticalization.This paper argues that there are numerous Chinese discourse markers with diverse formation mechanisms:discourse markers in the form of polysyllabic words undergo lexicalization before grammaticalization,those in the form of monosyllabic words are formed by grammaticalization,while those in the form of phrases or clauses are formed through pragmaticalization.No matter which mechanism the discourse markers are formed by,pragmatic factors will eventually be involved,and pragmaticalization only takes effect at the very end of the formation of discourse markers.The“cooptation”mechanism behind the thetical grammar has limited applicability to Chinese discourse markers,which can only explain the formation of discourse markers in the form of phrases and clauses,but cannot explain the formation of discourse markers in the form of words.Discourse markers are a subcategory of pragmatic markers.A distinction should be made between these two concepts and they should not be used interchangeably.The typological study of discourse markers in Chinese dialects and national languages within China,as well as the study of second language acquisition and information processing of discourse markers,are currently the frontier topics of discourse markers research in China.

关 键 词：话语标记 语法化 词汇化 语用化 接入语语法 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]