制度情境中幼儿园教师的专业伦理困境——社会学新制度主义的视角  

Research on the Kindergarten Teachers’Ethical Dilemma in Institutional Situation:Based on the Perspective of Sociological New Institutionalism

作　　者：李园园 鄢超云[2] LI Yuanyuan;YAN Chaoyun(Family Construction Institute in Sichuan Province,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066 China;College of Educational Science,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066 China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学四川省家庭建设研究院,成都610066 [2]四川师范大学教育科学学院,成都610066

出　　处：《学前教育研究》2023年第7期64-77,共14页Studies in Early Childhood Education

基　　金：陕西省教育厅人文社科项目“幼儿园教师专业伦理现状与提升策略研究”(批准号:19JK0010)。

摘　　要：专业伦理困境是影响幼儿园教师专业实践的重要因素,它影响着教师对事物的价值判断及行为选择。制度被认为是幼儿园教师专业伦理困境的重要成因,但已有研究主要关注正式制度,忽视了价值观、规范、习俗和惯例等非正式制度的影响。本研究基于社会学新制度主义的视角,采用参与式观察、叙事访谈和实物收集法对2所幼儿园和26名幼儿园教师进行了研究。结果发现,幼儿园教师在制度情境中遭遇了儿童优先与集体利益优先的忠诚冲突,工作时间在保教儿童与行政事务之间拉扯的责任冲突,尊重儿童自主与遵守安全规范和时间秩序、坚守保教公正与服从人情面子的立场冲突。制度情境中规范性要素和文化—认知性要素欠缺,导致制度在执行过程中偏离初衷,成为引发幼儿园教师专业伦理困境的根源。为摆脱幼儿园教师的专业伦理困境,建议增强规范性制度供给,规范行动者的实践选择;培育管理者和幼儿园教师的伦理意识,以文化—认知观念发展倒逼制度变革。Professional ethical dilemmas are significant factors that impact the professional practice of kindergarten teachers,influencing their value judgments and decision-making regarding actions.Institutions are considered as one of the important factors contributing to ethical dilemmas among kindergarten teachers.However,existing research has primarily focused on formal institutions while overlooking the influence of informal institutions such as values,norms,customs and conventions.Drawing on the perspective of sociological new institutionalism,this study employs participant observation,narrative interviews,and artifact collection methods to investigate two kindergartens and 26 kindergarten teachers.As a result,it has found that kindergarten teachers encounter loyalty conflicts between prioritizing the well-being of individual children and the collective interests.They also face conflicts between the responsibility of dividing their time between educating children and dealing with administrative tasks.Additionally,there are conflicts between respecting children’s autonomy and adhering to safety regulations and time schedules,as well as conflicts between maintaining fairness in education and complying with social expectations.Institutional context with a lack of normative elements and cultural-cognitive elements results in the deviation of the intended execution of the system,which is the root cause of professional ethical dilemmas faced by kindergarten teachers.To alleviate professional ethical dilemmas among kindergarten teachers,it is recommended to enhance the supply of normative institutions,regulate practitioners’practical choices,and cultivate the ethical awareness of administrators and kindergarten teachers,thus fostering a“cultural-cognitive”notion to drive institutional changes.

关 键 词：专业伦理困境 制度情境 社会学新制度主义 

分 类 号：G615[文化科学—学前教育学]