黄土丘陵采煤沉陷区生态治理研究进展  

Research Progress on Ecological Governance in Coal Mining Subsidence Area in Loess Hills

作　　者：张星 党晓宏 蒙仲举 ZHANG Xing;DANG Xiaohong;MENG Zhongju(College of Desert Science and Engineering,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China;Hanggin Desert Ecosystem Positioning Research Station,Inner Mongolia,Ordos 017400,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010011 [2]内蒙古杭锦荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古鄂尔多斯017400

出　　处：《内蒙古林业科技》2023年第2期49-53,共5页Journal of Inner Mongolia Forestry Science and Technology

基　　金：鄂尔多斯市科技重大专项(2022EEDSKJZDZX020-2);内蒙古农业大学优秀青年培养项目。

摘　　要：煤炭开采推动我国经济和社会的发展,同时也带来了一系列的环境问题。由于早年大规模地开采,矿区生态环境受到多种损害,土壤结构受损、水资源匮乏和植被退化等现象频繁发生,地下水结构受到采动损害的持续性影响出现不同程度的瓦解。为了解当前采煤沉陷区地裂缝的演变规律、发生机制及生态治理进展,实现矿产资源开发与环境的协调、可持续发展,本文阐述了黄土丘陵采煤沉陷区生态环境现状,并从采煤沉陷区的环境现状入手,探究采煤沉陷区土地复垦与土壤改良、水资源保护及利用以及植被修复等生态治理技术,实现采煤的同时兼顾对生态环境的保护。分析认为,采动区的生态环境破坏主要是沉陷区的土壤损伤,而地下水、植被的破坏则是采动损害的持续性影响。不同地貌单元生态修复的重点也不同,要因地制宜地综合运用各种技术,以便于在采煤沉陷区生态治理过程中更好地实施一定效果的举措,为黄土丘陵采煤沉陷区采动损害防治及治理提供理论和技术支持。Coal mining promotes China′s economic and social development,but brings a series of environmental problems.Due to large-scale mining in the early years,the ecological environment of the mining area has been damaged in a variety of ways,soil structure damage,lack of water resources and vegetation degradation have occurred frequently,and the groundwater structure has been disintegrated to varying degrees under the continuous impact of mining damage.In order to understand the evolution law,occurrence mechanism and ecological governance progress of surface cracks in the current coal mining subsidence area,and realize the coordinated and sustainable development of mineral resources exploitation and environment,the ecological environment status of the coal mining subsidence area in the loess hills has been expounded.Started from the environmental status of the coal mining subsidence area,the ecological treatment technologies have been explored,such as land reclamation and soil improvement,water resources protection and utilization,and vegetation restoration in the coal mining subsidence area,so as to give considerations to coal mining and protection of the ecological environment.According to the analysis,the ecological environment damage in the mining area is mainly the soil damage in the subsidence area,while the destruction of groundwater and vegetation is the continuous impact of the mining damage.The focus of ecological restoration for different geomorphological units is also different,and it is necessary to comprehensively use various technologies according to local conditions in order to better implement certain measures in the process of ecological governance of coal mining subsidence areas,which can provide theoretical and technical support for the prevention and combat of mining damage in coal mining subsidence areas in loess hills.

关 键 词：采煤沉陷区 采动损害 土地复垦 生态修复 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]