环境内分泌干扰物暴露影响神经元突触可塑性的研究进展  

Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals exposure on synaptic plasticity of neurons

作　　者：喻华雯 付娜 许洁 Yu Huawen;Fu Na;Xu Jie(Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene,School of Public Health,Zunyi Medical University,Zunyi Guizhou 563099,China)

机构地区：[1]遵义医科大学公共卫生学院营养与食品卫生学教研室,贵州遵义563099

出　　处：《遵义医科大学学报》2023年第7期712-718,共7页Journal of Zunyi Medical University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(NO:22166035);贵州省高层次创新型“百层次”人才基金资助项目[NO:黔科合平台人才-GCC(2022)035-1]。

摘　　要：突触是神经元之间发生功能连接和讯息传导的关键部位。暴露于环境内分泌干扰物会引起突触可塑性的改变,具体表现为突触的数量减少,突触的单位面积和单位体积降低,间隙之间模糊或增宽,突触小泡数量减少且分布无序,突触活性带长度缩短,突触后膜上的致密物分布散漫、厚度降低及长度缩短,突触界面曲率降低,以及突触联系细胞、传递信息的功能发生障碍。其途径包括突触相关蛋白的表达异常、下调NMDA受体的表达、改变膜上动作电位和电流阈值、炎症因子表达/释放异常、降低细胞膜葡萄糖转运蛋白等。突触可塑性的改变会引起阿尔兹海默病、亨廷顿病、帕金森病等神经退行性疾病。本文就不同类型环境内分泌干扰物对突触可塑性的改变进行综述,为神经退行疾病发生发展的机制提供研究方向,并探索为预防和治疗神经退行性疾病提供靶点依据。Synapses are critical sites where functional connectivity and messaging occurs between neurons.Exposure to Endocrine disrupting chemicals causes alterations in synaptic plasticity,mainly through structural and functional dysregulation of synapses.The pathways include:abnormal of synapse-associated protein expression,down regulation of NMDA receptor expression,alteration of action potential and current threshold in membranes,abnormal expression/release of inflammatory factors,and reduction in expression of glucose transporter.Alterations in synaptic plasticity can cause neurodegenerative diseases such as AD,HD and PD.In this paper,we review the alteration of synaptic plasticity by different types of environmental endocrine disruptors in an attempt to identify the mechanisms underlying the development of neurodegenerative diseases and to explore the basis of targets for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

关 键 词：环境内分泌干扰物 突触可塑性 神经元 学习记忆功能障碍 神经退行性疾病 

分 类 号：R741.02[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]