克雷伯氏菌对铅镉污染农田水稻生长的影响  

Improved grain yield from rice plants in Cd- and Pb-contaminated paddy soil by inoculation with Klebsiella grimontii

作　　者：张期 ZHANG Qi(Shaxian District Fukou Town Rural Revitalization Comprehensive Service Center,Sanming,Fujian 365054,China)

机构地区：[1]沙县区富口镇乡村振兴综合服务中心,福建三明365054

出　　处：《武夷科学》2023年第1期74-80,共7页Wuyi Science Journal

基　　金：福建省科技厅引导性项目(2021N0005)。

摘　　要：稻田土壤中的铅、镉污染严重影响水稻生长发育及其产量。本研究以克雷伯氏菌作为研究材料,接种到不同程度铅镉复合污染稻田土壤中,进行水稻全生育期栽培,通过比较接种前后水稻生理指标及产量指标,以及根际土壤pH值的变化,分析克雷伯氏菌对稻田水稻铅镉毒害的影响。结果表明,无论稻田土壤是否存在铅镉复合污染,克雷伯氏菌能够显著提高水稻根际土壤pH值、水稻植株生理指标及产量指标,且在4.0×10^(9) cfu·kg^(-1)的接种比例下效果最好。将克雷伯氏菌按照4.0×10^(9) cfu·kg^(-1)的比例接种至稻田土壤时,在无铅镉污染的池村村,水稻株高、叶绿素SPAD值分别为未接菌对照组的1.15、1.17倍,各器官干物质重为对照的1.10~1.21倍,有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、单株产量分别为未接菌对照组的1.27、1.07、1.04和1.32倍;在存在铅镉复合污染的柳坑村,水稻株高、叶绿素SPAD值分别为未接菌对照组的1.17倍、1.25倍,各器官干物质重为对照的1.12~1.29倍,有效穗数、结实率、千粒重、单株产量为对照的1.33、1.11、1.05和1.46倍。研究表明,克雷伯氏菌不仅在普通稻田中显著促进水稻生长、提高稻谷产量,还可缓解铅镉复合污染稻田的重金属毒害,恢复水稻生长及其产量。Lead(Pb) and cadmium(Cd) pollution significantly inhibit the growth and yield of paddy rice.In this study,Klebsiella grimontii was used as research material.Under paddy rice cultivation conditions,Klebsiella was inoculated into fields with different levels of Pb and Cd pollution,and its effect on Pb and Cd toxicity of rice plants was analyzed according to the differences in the soil pH values,physiological indexes,and yield indexes of rice.The results showed that Klebsiella could improve the rhizosphere soil pH value,physiological indexes,and yield indexes of rice plants.The Klebsiella inoculation concentration of 4.0×10^(9) cfu·kg^(-1) soil showed the best remediation effect on Pb and Cd toxicity.Regardless of whether the paddy soil was contaminated by Pb and Cd,the physiological and yield indexes of the rice plants reached their maximum after Klebsiella was inoculated.In common paddy fields without Pb or Cd contamination,the plant height,chlorophyll SPAD and dry matter weight,as well as yield indexes such as effective panicle number,seed setting rate,thousand grain weight and yield per plant were 1.15,1.17,1.10-1.21,1.27,1.07,1.04 and 1.32 times that without inoculated Klebsiella,respectively;and in Pb-and Cd-contaminated paddy fields,the results were 1.17,1.25,1.12-1.29,1.33,1.11,1.05 and 1.46 times that without inoculated Klebsiella,respectively.The results indicate that Klebsiella not only significantly improved the rice growth and grain yield in common paddy fields,but also decreased Pb and Cd toxicity in polluted paddy fields and restored rice growth and yield.

关 键 词：水稻 铅镉污染 克雷伯氏菌 稻米产量 

分 类 号：X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]