Molecular analysis of the sex chromosomes of the platyfish Xiphophorus maculatus: Towards the identification of a new type of master sexual regulator in vertebrates  

作　　者：ASTRID BONE Christina SCHULTHEIS Delphine GALIANA-ARNOUX Alexander FROSCHAUER Qingchun ZHOU Cornelia SCHMIDT Yvonne SELZ Catherine OZOUF-COSTAZ Agnès DETTAI Béatrice SEGURENS Arnaud COULOUX Sylvie BERNARD-SAMAIN Valérie BARBE Stefan CHILMONCZYK Frédéric BRUNET Amandine DARRAS TOMASZKIEWICZ Marta Marie SEMON Manfred SCHARTL Jean-Nicolas VOLFF 

机构地区：[1]Institute of Functional Genomics,Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon/Universitéde Lyon,Lyon,France [2]Physiological Chemistry 1,Biozentrum of the University of Würzburg,Würzburg,Germany [3]Department of Systematics and Evolution,Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle,Paris,France [4]CEA/DSV/IG/Genoscope,Evry,France [5]Molecular Virology and Immunology Unit,National Institute for Agricultural Research,Jouy-en-Josas,France

出　　处：《Integrative Zoology》2009年第3期277-284,共8页整合动物学（英文版）

摘　　要：In contrast to mammals and birds,fish display an amazing diversity of genetic sex determination systems,with frequent changes during evolution possibly associated with the emergence of new sex chromosomes and sex-determining genes.To better understand the molecular and evolutionary mechanisms driving this diversity,several fish models are studied in parallel.Besides the medaka(Oryzias latipes Temminck and Schlegel,1846)for which the master sex-determination gene has been identified,one of the most advanced models for studying sex determination is the Southern platyfish(Xiphophorus maculatus,Günther 1966).Xiphophorus maculatus belongs to the Poeciliids,a family of live-bearing freshwater fish,including platyfish,swordtails and guppies that perfectly illustrates the diversity of genetic sex-determination mechanisms observed in teleosts.For X.maculatus,bacterial artificial chro-mosome contigs covering the sex-determination region of the X and Y sex chromosomes have been constructed.Initial molecular analysis demonstrated that the sex-determination region is very unstable and frequently undergoes duplications,deletions,inversions and other rearrangements.Eleven gene candidates linked to the master sex-determining gene have been identified,some of them corresponding to pseudogenes.All putative genes are present on both the X and the Y chromosomes,suggesting a poor degree of differentiation and a young evolutionary age for platyfish sex chromosomes.When compared with other fish and tetrapod genomes,syntenies were detected only with autosomes.This observation supports an independent origin of sex chromosomes,not only in different vertebrate lineages but also between different fish species.

关 键 词：sex chromosomes sex determination fish poeciliid Xiphophorus. 

分 类 号：R73[医药卫生—肿瘤]