矿物油和维生素B1对马铃薯病毒病的防效研究  

Evaluation of control efficiency of mineral oil and thiamine against major potato viral diseases

作　　者：范奕 毕恒翊 谢锦 史明会 李亚杰 马恢 聂碧华[1] FAN Yi;BI Hengyi;XIE Jin;SHI Minghui;LI Yajie;MA Hui;NIE Bihua(National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation&Utilization of Horticultural Crops,Key Laboratory of Potato Biology and Biotechnology,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Gansu Potato Engineering Technology Research Center,Dingxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Dingxi 743000,China;Yichang Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Yichang 443000,China;Potato Institute,Zhangjiakou Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Zhangjiakou 075000,China)

机构地区：[1]果蔬园艺作物种质创新与利用全国重点实验室,马铃薯生物学与生物技术农业农村部重点实验室,华中农业大学,武汉430070 [2]甘肃省马铃薯工程技术研究中心,定西市农业科学研究院,定西743000 [3]湖北省宜昌市农业技术推广中心,宜昌443000 [4]张家口市农业科学院马铃薯研究所,张家口075000

出　　处：《植物保护》2023年第4期334-340,348,共8页Plant Protection

基　　金：恩施州科技计划(D20210032);国家自然科学基金(31971989);甘肃省科技重大专项(GZGG-2021-5);定西市科技计划(DX2022BZ38)。

摘　　要：多数马铃薯病毒可以借助蚜虫传播,并通过块茎世代积累,导致马铃薯种性退化,严重影响块茎的产量和品质。为了筛选新型、环保的马铃薯病毒病防治药剂,本研究通过3个季节的田间试验,对矿物油、维生素B1和杀虫剂吡虫啉在防治马铃薯病毒病中的效果进行了评价。结果表明,通过马铃薯出苗后间隔10 d连续3次喷施,矿物油能够控制马铃薯卷叶病(potato leaf-roll virus,PLRV)的发生,对马铃薯M病毒(potato virus M,PVM)和马铃薯S病毒(potato virus S,PVS)的平均防效也分别达到66.72%和70.40%,但对马铃薯Y病毒(potato virus Y,PVY)和马铃薯A病毒(potato virus A,PVA)在不同的年份和季节的防效不稳定,平均防效为27.34%和65.02%。维生素B1对PLRV、PVM和PVS的防效也比较明显,分别达83.36%、83.33%和73.32%,而对PVY同样防效不稳定,对PVA防效不明显。杀虫剂吡虫啉对PLRV、PVS和PVM的防效也不稳定,且对PVY和PVA的防效均不显著。本研究中马铃薯X病毒(potato virus X,PVX)发生频率极低,未进行病毒病的防效比较。综上所述,矿物油和维生素B1对马铃薯主要病毒病的综合防效较吡虫啉好,同时它们的增产效果更明显,产投比高于化学药剂,值得推广。Most potato viruses can spread by aphids and accumulate through tuber generations,causing seed degeneration of potato and seriously affecting tuber yield and quality.To screen new environmentally friendly agents for the management of potato viral diseases,effects of mineral oil,vitamin B1 and imidacloprid on potato virus disease control were evaluated in three seasonal field experiments.The results showed that the mineral oil could completely control the occurrence of potato leaf-roll virus(PLRV)by spraying three times in a 10-day interval after potato emergence,and the average control efficacy of mineral oil on potato virus M(PVM)and potato virus S(PVS)was 66.72%and 70.40%,respectively.However,the control efficacy of mineral oil on potato virus Y(PVY)and potato virus A(PVA)was unstable in different seasons,and the average control efficacy was 27.34%and 65.02%.The thiamine also had obvious effect on the incidence of PLRV,PVM and PVS,with the average control efficacy of 83.36%,83.33%and 73.32%,respectively,while the effect on PVY was also unstable,and the effect on PVA was not obvious.The effects of imidacloprid on PLRV,PVS and PVM were unstable,but not significant on PVY and PVA.In this study,the occurrence frequency of potato virus X(PVX)was very low,and the control efficacy was not investigated.In conclusion,mineral oil,and thiamine exhibited better comprehensive control efficacy than imidacloprid,and their yield increases were more obvious,and their yield/input ratios were significantly higher than those of the chemical insecticide,which is worth popularizing in the control of potato viral diseases.

关 键 词：马铃薯 病毒病 矿物油 维生素B1 吡虫啉 

分 类 号：S436.32[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]