晚年恩格斯对“新唯物主义”的发展和总结——从1886年《费尔巴哈论》谈起  

Later Engels' Development and Conclusion of “New Materialism”——From On Feuerbach in 1886

作　　者：王効民[1] WANG Xiaomin

机构地区：[1]山西财经大学

出　　处：《马克思主义哲学》2023年第3期131-139,F0003,共10页Marxist Philosophy

摘　　要：晚年恩格斯高度评价青年马克思《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》是“新世界观”的“萌芽”“历史唯物主义的起源”。恩格斯回顾和马克思的共同思想历程,阐释“新唯物主义——实践活动的唯物主义”的诞生过程,破解了欧洲哲学延续两千余年的思维和存在的关系之谜,否定了关于人类认识的终极状态的独断论幻想。恩格斯称“新唯物主义”为“唯物主义历史观”,运用实践的“合力”解答了主体的自觉性、创造性和社会历史的必然性、决定性的“悖论”;最终把“新唯物主义”总结为“历史唯物主义”,使其成为兼具历史观和世界观双重属性、功能的“现代唯物主义”,与古代唯物主义、近代唯物主义比肩构成完整的唯物主义发展史。马克思、恩格斯创立的哲学历史观、世界观,以实践为出发点,从过程、历史的角度看待和理解实践,是认识和改造世界的有力思想武器,21世纪上半叶更凸显其现实意义。Later Engels highly evaluated younger Marx's Thesis on Feuerbach as the sprout of the“new world view”and the origin of“historical materialism”.Engels recalled his co-thinking progress with Marx,and elucidated the delivering course of the“new materialism”,namely“the materialism of practical activities”,which resolved the riddle of the relation between thinking and being having lasted for two thousands of years in European philosophy,and negated the phantasy of knowing the absolute by human beings.Engels firstly took“New materialism”to be“the material view on history”,and resolved the antinomy between the critical subjectivity and the historical objectivity with the concept of the“composition of forces”of Praxis.And finally,Engels regarded“new materialism”to be“historical materialism”,namely“modern materialism”which had the double-function of both historical view and world view,and constituted the full history of the development of materialism,with ancient materialism and late materialism.The philosophical historical view and world view created by Marx and Engels,took Prxis as its starting point,and considered Praxis from the perspective of history and process.It is the powerful thinking method in knowing and changing the world,and has obvious significance for the reality,especially in the first half part of the 21^(st) century.

关 键 词：新唯物主义 实践活动的唯物主义 哲学基本问题 历史唯物主义 

分 类 号：B0-0[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]