汉语单音节中元音影响塞音识别的机制  

The Mechanism of Vowel Influence on Stops Identification in Chinese Monosyllables

作　　者：马星 刘文理[1] MA Xing;LIU Wenli(Department of Social Psychology,Zhou Enlai School of Government,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350;School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院社会心理学系,天津300350 [2]北京大学心理与认知科学学院,北京100871

出　　处：《心理发展与教育》2023年第4期513-521,共9页Psychological Development and Education

基　　金：天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(TJJX20-003);中央高校基本科研业务费资助项目(63192209)。

摘　　要：通过三个实验考察了汉语塞音-元音单音节中的语境效应及潜在机制。实验1发现汉语听者识别塞音/p/-/t/连续体时受到元音语境影响:/a/语境下被试有更多的/t/反应,/ai/语境下被试有更多的/p/反应。实验2以纯音语境替换元音语境,考察实验1的语境效应是否源于元音关键声学线索与塞音关键声学线索的对比,结果发现纯音语境对塞音连续体识别的影响与听觉对比理论的预期不符。实验3以/a/-/ai/连续体上声学距离相等的4个元音刺激为语境,结果发现塞音识别受元音语境范畴知觉的影响,实验结果支持了语音中介理论。综合三个实验,汉语单音节中元音对塞音识别的影响主要源于听者的语音经验和语境音的范畴知觉,而非源于听觉对比效应。Three experiments were administered to explore the effects of vowel context on stop identification in Chi-nese monosyllables.Experiment 1 found that the identification of stop/p/-/t/series was influenced by vowel con-text/a/and/ai/:listeners produced more/t/responses in/a/context and produced more/p/responses in/ai/context.Experiment 2 used tone analogues of F2 trajectories(the crucial acoustic cue differences between/a/and/ai/)of vowels/a/and/ai/as context sounds to examine whether the context effects in Experiment 1 originated from the spectral contrast between context sounds and target sounds.The results found that the tones affected the i-dentification of stops,but the effect pattern was contrary to the expectation of auditory contrast theory.Experiment 3 chose four vowel stimuli from/a/-/ai/continuum as context sounds.The first two stimuli were mainly catego-rized as/a/,the last two stimuli were mainly categorized as/ai/,the middle two stimuli crossed the category boundaries of/a/and/ai/.The acoustic distance of stimulus pairs within and between categories was equal.Four vowel stimuli exhibited a categorized context effect pattern:Stimulus pairs within category showed similar context effects,and stimulus pair across category showed a greater difference in context effects.The results were consistent with the expectation of phonological mediation theory.These findings indicate that the stop-vowel context effects are mainly due to listeners'speech experience and the category perception of context sounds,rather than the auditory spectral contrast between context sounds and target sounds.The present results support the phonological mediation explanation for monosyllabic context effects.

关 键 词：语境效应 元音 塞音 听觉对比 语音中介 

分 类 号：G442[哲学宗教—心理学]