楚国十二律名的结构生成逻辑与其律制隐含——曾侯乙编钟之无枚、短枚甬钟上的三分损益法表现  

The Structural Generation Logic of the Twelve Famous Tones of the State of Chu and Their Implicit Tonal System:A Study of the Threefold Gain and Loss Method in the Inscriptions on the Zeng Houyi Bells

作　　者：黄大同 Huang Datong

机构地区：[1]温州大学 [2]浙江省长三角非物质文化遗产研究院

出　　处：《中国音乐》2023年第4期72-82,共11页Chinese Music

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金艺术学重点项目“曾侯乙编钟乐律学体系研究”(项目编号:18AD003);2020年度国家社科基金重大项目“东亚古代乐律学研究”(项目编号:20ZD219)的阶段成果。

摘　　要：六定六浊的楚国十二律名与六律六吕的周王室十二律名一样,是一种将三分损一、益一交替进行而形成的四五度相生序,按损益二分方式,分成定浊两个六律组的结构样式。这定浊两组律名拥有同一个由连续大二度构成的六律形态,使用的又是相同的6个楚国名词,可知其六律既有六定律之能指,更有分定浊的六律之所指,这是先秦“六律”一词存在具象音高与抽象概念这两层意指的实例。由于特定的音程进行必然生于特定的音律关系计算法,而特定的音律关系计算法又必然反映特定的律制,因此以四五度交替二分生成为表现的楚国十二律名的创设就必然源出三分损益法理论的应用,并由此体现三分损益律的律制。The twelve famous tones of Chu with the concepts of six fixed tones and six oblique tones, justlike the twelve famous tones of the Zhou royal court with the concepts of six tones and six Lis, are formedthrough an alternating process of threefold loss and gain, resulting in a sequence of fourth and fth intervals.Fllowing a two-part division of loss and gain, they exhibit a structural pattern divided into two groups: fixedand oblique tones. These two groups of tones share the same six-tone structure composed of consecutive majorsecond intervals, and they employ the same six Chu terms. It is evident that these six tones encompass boththe signifier of the fixed tones and the signified of the divided oblique tones, thereby exemplifying the duallayeredsignification of concrete pitch and abstract concept in the term "six tones" during the pre-Qin period. Asspecific musical intervals arise from specific calculations of tonal relationships, and specific calculations of tonalrelationships inherently reflect specific tonal systems, the creation of the twelve famous tones of Chu through analternating pattern of fourth and fifth intervals is inevitably rooted in the application of the threefold loss and gaintheory, thereby embodying the tonal system of the threefold loss and gain.

关 键 词：楚国十二律 五度相生 定浊二分 六律意指 三分损益法 

分 类 号：J605[艺术—音乐]