黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾生长、体组成及免疫力的影响  

Effects of Replacing Fish Meal with Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal on Growth,Body Composition and Immunity of Red Swamp Crayfish(Procambarus clarkii)

作　　者：韩光明[1,2] 张家宏 吴雷明[1,2] 寇祥明 叶小梅[3] 覃宝利 毕建花[1,2] 王守红 徐荣[1,2] 马林杰 张诚信[1,2] 杨婷[1,2] HAN Guangming;ZHANG Jiahong;WU Leiming;KOU Xiangming;YE Xiaomei;QIN Baoli;BI Jianhua;WANG Shouhong;XU Rong;MA Linjie;ZHANG Chengxin;YANG Ting(Agricultural Science Institute of Jiangsu Lixiahe District,Yangzhou 225007,China;Research Center for Eco-Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou 225007,China;Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏里下河地区农业科学研究所,扬州225007 [2]江苏省生态农业工程技术研究中心,扬州225007 [3]江苏省农业科学院,南京210014

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2023年第7期4495-4506,共12页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(21)1008];江苏省现代农业产业技术体系(JATS[2022]265);扬州市重点研发计划(现代农业)(YZ2022037);江苏里下河农科所基金[SJ(21)201]。

摘　　要：本试验旨在研究黑水虻幼虫粉(BSFL)替代鱼粉对克氏原螯虾生长、体组成及免疫力的影响。以含8%鱼粉的实用饲料(G0)为对照,以黑水虻幼虫粉替代实用饲料中20%(G20)、40%(G40)、60%(G60)、80%(G80)和100%(G100)的鱼粉,配制6种等氮等脂的试验饲料。选取平均体重为(10.30±0.16)g的克氏原螯虾虾苗630尾,随机分为6组(G0、G20、G40、G60、G80和G100组),每组3个重复,每个重复35尾。6组试验虾投喂对应的试验饲料90 d。结果显示:随着黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉比例的增加,克氏原螯虾的末均重、增重率和特定生长率均呈先上升后下降的趋势,其中G40组的末均重、增重率、特定生长率均显著高于G100组(P<0.05),且饲料系数显著低于G100组(P<0.05);根据回归方程,当饲料中的黑水虻幼虫粉替代鱼粉比例为34.25%时,克氏原螯虾的增重率最高;各替代组(G20~G100组)雌虾和雄虾的末均重、末均体长、腹肉率、肝胰腺指数(G60组除外)、性腺指数等形体指标与对照组(G0组)相比均无显著差异(P>0.05),G40组体重>50 g的个体比例为17.86%,约为对照组的2倍;G80和G100组雌虾粗蛋白质含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),G20和G40组雌虾粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),各组雄虾粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P>0.05);各组之间血淋巴中胆固醇、甘油三酯、丙二醛含量与谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶活性以及总抗氧化能力均无显著差异(P>0.05);G40组血淋巴中总蛋白、白蛋白和葡萄糖含量均显著高于G100组(P<0.05);G20组血淋巴中碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于G0、G80和G100组(P<0.05),溶菌酶活性显著高于G60组(P<0.05),超氧化物歧化酶活性显著高于G80组(P<0.05)。综上所述,黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中34.25%的鱼粉时,克氏原螯虾生长性能最佳,并有利于提高个体规格;黑水虻幼虫粉替代饲料中20%~40%的鱼粉可提高克氏原螯虾血淋巴中总蛋�This experiment aimed to assess the effects of replacing fish meal with black soldier fly larvae meal(BSFL)on growth,body composition,hemolymph biochemical and immunity of red swamp crayfish(Pro⁃cambarus clarkii).BSFL was used to replace 0(G0,as control),20%(G20),40%(G40),60%(G60),80%(G80)and 100%(G100)of fish meal in the practical diet,respectively.Six iso⁃nitrogenous and iso⁃lip⁃idic experimental diets were formulated.A total of 630 red swamp crayfish with an initial body weight of(10.30±0.16)g were randomly divided into 6 groups(G0,G20,G40,G60,G80 and G100 groups)with 3 replicates in each group and 35 crayfish per replicate.Crayfish in six groups fed the corresponding experimental diets for 90 days.The results showed that,with the proportion of BSFL replacing fish meal increasing,the fi⁃nal average body weight,weight gain ratio and specific growth ratio of crayfish increased firstly and then de⁃creased,and the final average body weight,weight gain rate and specific growth rate of G40 group were sig⁃nificantly higher than those of G100 group(P<0.05),and the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that of G100 group(P<0.05).According to the regression equation,the weight gain ratio of red swamp crayfish was the highest when 34.25%fish meal was replaced by BSFL.There were no significant differences in the final average body weight,final average body length,abdominal meat percentage,hepatopancreas index(except G60 group)and gonadosomatic index of female and male crayfish in all replacement groups(G20 to G100 groups)compared with G0 group(P>0.05),but the proportion of individuals with body weight greater than 50 g of G40 group was 17.86%,about twice that of control group.The crude protein content of female crayfish of G80 and G100 groups was significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05),the ether ex⁃tract content of female crayfish of G20 and G40 groups was significantly lower than that of control group(P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in crude protein and ethe

关 键 词：黑水虻幼虫粉 克氏原螯虾 生长 体组成 血淋巴生化指标 免疫指标 

分 类 号：S963[农业科学—水产养殖]