填饲对北京鸭生长发育、胸肌生化指标和肉品质的影响  

Effects of Overfeeding on Growth and Development,Biochemical Indexes,and Meat Quality of Breast Muscle in Pekin Ducks

作　　者：庄蕾 赵子涛 吴永保[2] 曹俊婷 郭艳红 吴占月 吴森 闻治国[2] ZHUANG Lei;ZHAO Zitao;WU Yongbao;CAO Junting;GUO Yanhong;WU Zhanyue;WU Sen;WEN Zhiguo(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Institute of Feed Research,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [2]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,农业农村部饲料生物技术重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2023年第8期3093-3101,共9页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家水禽产业技术体系专项基金(CARS-42-10);中国农业科学院创新工程重大科研任务(CAAS-ZDRW202104)。

摘　　要：【目的】本试验旨在研究填饲对北京鸭生长发育、胸肌生化指标和肉品质的影响。【方法】选用120只体重相近(2529 g±40 g)的35日龄北京鸭,随机分为2组(正常饲喂组和填饲组),每组6个重复,每重复10只鸭。试验周期为7 d,正常饲喂组1~7 d每只饲喂260 g/d,填饲组第1和2天每只分别饲喂260和300 g/d,第3~7天每只饲喂420 g/d。于试验鸭42日龄时,空腹12 h,每重复选取2只鸭,翅静脉取血5 mL后进行屠宰,对屠体、胸肌和腿肌进行称重,计算屠体率、胸肌率和腿肌率,并测定其血浆和胸肌生化指标、胸肌肉品质以及脂肪酸含量。【结果】①填饲组北京鸭平均体重、平均日增重、屠体重、屠体率和胸肌重显著高于正常饲喂组(P<0.05),腿肌重和腿肌率显著低于正常饲喂组(P<0.05),料重比和胸肌率在两组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。②填饲组北京鸭血浆中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活力和谷丙转氨酶/谷草转氨酶(ALT/AST)显著高于正常饲喂组(P<0.05),谷草转氨酶(AST)活力显著低于正常饲喂组(P<0.05)。填饲组北京鸭胸肌中的水分、粗蛋白质含量和苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)活力显著低于正常饲喂组(P<0.05),肌内脂肪和甘油三酯(TG)含量显著高于正常饲喂组(P<0.05)。③填饲组北京鸭胸肌亮度(L*)、黄度(b*)和蒸煮损失显著高于正常饲喂组(P<0.05)。④填饲组北京鸭胸肌中C22∶5 n-6含量和多不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸(PUFA/SFA)显著低于正常饲喂组(P<0.05),C14∶0、C16∶1 n-7、C18∶1 n-9、C20∶2 n-6、C20∶3 n-6、C22∶0、总脂肪酸(FA)、不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)和单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量显著高于正常饲喂组(P<0.05)。【结论】填饲可促进北京鸭生长发育,增强北京鸭脂肪代谢,提高胸肌肌内脂肪、不饱和脂肪酸和总脂肪酸含量,降低胸肌水分和粗蛋白质含量,且填饲组北京鸭胸肌肉蒸煮损失更高。【Objective】This experiment was conducted to study the effect of overfeeding on growth and development,biochemical indexes,and meat quality of breast muscle in Pekin ducks.【Method】One hundred and twenty 35-day-old Pekin ducks with similar body weights(2529 g±40 g)were randomly divided into 2 groups(normal feeding group and overfeeding group)with 6 replicates per group and 10 ducks per replicate.The test period was 7 days,each duck in normal feeding group was fed 260 g/d on day 1-7,while each duck in overfeeding group was fed 260 g/d on day 1,300 g/d on day 2,and 420 g/d on day 3-7.At 42 days of age,2 ducks per replicate with 5 mL blood collected from the wing vein after 12 h fasting and then were slaughtered.The dressing,breast muscle and leg muscle were weighed,and percentage of dressing,breast muscle rate and leg muscle rate were calculated.The plasma and breast muscle biochemical indexes,meat quality and fatty acids in breast muscle were determined.【Result】①Compared with the normal feeding group,average body weight,average daily gain,dressing weight,percentage of dressing,breast muscle weight of Pekin ducks in the overfeeding group were significantly increased(P<0.05),leg muscle weight and percentage of leg muscle were significantly decreased(P<0.05).Feed/gain and breast muscle percentage had no significant differences between the two groups(P>0.05).②Compared with the normal feeding group,plasma alanine aminotransferase(ALT)activity and alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase(ALT/AST)in the overfeeding group were significantly increased(P<0.05),and aspartate aminotransferase(AST)activity was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Breast muscle water content,crude protein content,and malate dehydrogenase(MDH)activity were significantly reduced(P<0.05),and intermuscular fat and triglyceride(TG)contents were significantly improved(P<0.05).③Compared with the normal feeding group,lightness(L*),yellow ness(b*),and cooking losses of breast muscle in the overfeeding group were significantly incr

关 键 词：北京鸭 生长性能 屠宰性能 生化指标 肉品质 

分 类 号：S834.81[农业科学—畜牧学]