法国教育督导的权责构造与运行机制  

The Structure of Power and Responsibility and Operational Mechanism of French Educational Inspection

作　　者：郑森 司晓宏 ZHENG Sen;SI Xiaohong

机构地区：[1]陕西省社会科学院教育研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]陕西师范大学教育学部,陕西西安710062 [3]陕西省人民政府,陕西西安710006

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2023年第4期71-83,I0005,共14页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“推进义务教育优质均衡发展研究”(22AZD080);陕西省社会科学基金项目“陕西省义务教育质量监测体系构建研究”(2022P030);2022年度陕西乡村基础教育研究课题“陕西推进义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化研究”(SXJY202201)。

摘　　要：法国教育督导制度在不断发展与完善中逐渐形成了内容全面、权责明晰、构造合理、机制完善的督导体系,新设立的教育体育与研究总督导局使法国教育督导机构的权责构造与运行机制更加健全。从权责构造来看,法国教育体育与研究总督导局下设督导团、平行协作职能中心、特派团和职业健康安全总督学四类机构,各机构间权责边界明晰并互联互通,共同助力法国教育质量发展。从运行机制来看,在宏观层面上督学与督政分工,各自在其工作领域内进行督导,并注重在协调下进行合作;在微观层面上的督导任务承袭于中央,并以课堂督导为主要工作阵地。法国现行督导工作理念转向为重视制度引领、横向交流、指导功能的建设,为我国教育督导调整督导机构设置、注重提升工作权威、强化督导结果应用等方面提供了可资借鉴的有益经验。The French educational inspection system has gradually developed into a comprehensive,clear,rational and well-structured system of inspection,and the establishment of the General Inspectorate of Educa⁃tion,Sport and Research has improved the structure of the power and responsibility of the French educational in⁃spection and its operational mechanism.In terms of the structure of power and responsibility,the General In⁃spectorate of Education,Sport and Research has four types of bodies:Collège,Pôle,Mission,and Occupational health and safety inspector,with clear boundaries and interconnections between their powers and responsibili⁃ties,which together contribute to the development of educational quality in France.In terms of operational mechanism,at the macro level,the inspection of study and administration is separated,each carrying out inspec⁃tion within its own area of work and focuses on cooperation under the coordination of Pôle;the tasks at the level of specific inspection are inherited from the central government,and classroom inspection is the main working ground.At the same time,the current concept of inspection in France has shifted to attaching importance to the construction of institutional leadership,horizontal communication and guidance functions,which has provided useful experience for China’s educational inspection to adjust the setting of inspection institutions,focus on en⁃hancing the authority of work and strengthen the application of inspection results.

关 键 词：法国教育督导 教育体育与研究总督导局 教育督导 督学 课堂督导 

分 类 号：G649.20[文化科学—高等教育学] G464[文化科学—教育学]