多元共生:英国博士培养的特色模式  

Diverse Doctorates in the UK: A Training Centered Comparison

作　　者：燕艳 胡钦晓[1] YAN Yan;HU Qinxiao

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学教育学院,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《高教发展与评估》2023年第4期84-95,I0006,共13页Higher Education Development and Evaluation

基　　金：国家社会科学基金教育学一般课题“高校文化资本与高等教育发展及变革研究”(BIA200196)。

摘　　要：从结构生态来看,英国形成了哲学博士、论著博士、专业博士、实践博士、新制博士等多元共生的博士学位类型;从共同特征来看,以原创为核心的培养理念、以适应性为指导的制度设计、以联合培养为平台的多方参与、以社会需求为导向的技能训练、以导师组为特色的保障机制等共同点保证了英国高水平博士培养质量;从主要差异来看,在入学标准、学制设置、培养模式、毕业要求等方面的不同点为英国乃至世界培养了适应社会各行业发展所需的高层次人才。对中国博士培养的启示:适应社会需求,原创与多元培养共存;优化培养过程,研究与实践多样并行;改革管理模式,求质与增量协同发展。British doctor degree has become the model of higher education in the world because of its vari⁃ous types and high level of cultivation.It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to study the structural ecology of the diversified doctoral degree types in the UK and analyze its high-level cultivation mod⁃el.From the perspective of structural ecology,the United Kingdom has formed multiple symbiotic doctorate types,including doctor of philosophy,doctor of treatise,doctor of specialty,doctor of practice and doctor of new system.From the perspective of common characteristics,the high quality of doctoral training in the UK is en⁃sured by the common points of the training concept with originality as the core,the system design guided by adaptability,the multi-party participation based on joint training as the platform,the skill training guided by so⁃cial needs,and the guarantee mechanism characterized by the tutor group.From the perspective of the main dif⁃ferences,the differences in admission standards,educational system,training mode and graduation require⁃ments have fostered high-level talents for the development of various industries in Britain.The comparative analysis of diversified doctoral degree training in Britain will bring many inspirations and references to the doc⁃toral education reform in China.

关 键 词：英国学位制度 博士研究生 人才培养 研究生教育 博士学位 

分 类 号：G649[文化科学—高等教育学]