基于线阵和环阵换能器的CFRP层压板超声成像特性研究分析  

Research and Analysis on Ultrasonic Imaging Characteristics of CFRP Laminates Based on Linear and Annular Array Transducers

作　　者：王俊 周正干[1,2] 王进 刘雨生[3] WANG Jun;ZHOU Zhenggan;WANG Jin;LIU Yusheng(School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation,Beihang University,Beijing 100083;Ningbo Innovation Research Institute of Beihang University,Ningbo 315800;Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute,Shenyang 110035)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学机械工程及自动化学院,北京100083 [2]北京航空航天大学宁波创新研究院,宁波315800 [3]沈阳飞机设计研究所,沈阳110035

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2023年第10期30-39,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51375027)。

摘　　要：针对碳纤维增强树脂基复合材料层压板结构超声检测中存在的信噪比差、检测效率低等问题,设计基于线性阵列和环形阵列换能器的超声检测方法和工艺,研究分析这两种换能器对复合材料层压板的检测效果。首先,制备预置有不同埋深分层缺陷的复合材料梯度平板试样,并基于有限差分仿真模型探究了复合材料平板结构中的超声传播特性。然后,依据材料的声学各向异性特征,对采用线阵和环阵换能器的超声检测成像算法进行修正,并制订检测工艺。最后,利用线阵和环阵换能器对试样进行C扫描超声检测成像,并结合声场特征,定性和定量地分析其检测结果。试验结果表明,采用线阵换能器可在具有较高信噪比的同时,对厚度较小(≤10 mm)的复合材料平板试样实现高效率检测,而环阵换能器对厚度较大的平板试样具有更高的检测精度以及更小的成像畸变。研究成果可为复合材料检测的声学表征提供理论依据,并为阵列超声检测的工艺方法设计提供有效参考和指导。In the ultrasonic non-destructive testing of carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate structure,aiming at the problems of poor signal-to-noise ratio and low detection efficiency,the ultrasonic testing method and process parameters using linear array transducer and annular array transducer are designed,and the detection effect of composite laminates is analyzed.First,delamination defects with different buried depths are preset in the composite material gradient plate specimen,and the ultrasonic propagation characteristics in the composite plate structure are studied with the finite difference simulation model.Then,according to the acoustic anisotropy characteristics of the specimen,the ultrasonic array testing algorithm based on linear array and annular array is modified,also the detection process parameters is formulated.Finally,the specimen is detected and imaged with C-Scan ultrasonic testing method,also the testing results of linear array and annular array are evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively,and analyzed combined with the characteristics of sound field.The results show that the ultrasonic echo has high signal-to-noise ratio with linear array transducer,as well as,the detection process is more efficient.It also indicates that the annular array method has higher detection accuracy and less imaging distortion for specimens with larger thickness.The research results can provide theoretical basis for acoustic characterization of composite material testing,and provide effective reference and guidance for the design of array ultrasonic testing process.

关 键 词：无损检测 复合材料 阵列超声 环形阵列 

分 类 号：TB553[理学—物理]