农业文化遗产地农户区位对生计旅游转型的影响——兼论区位条件的生计资本意义  

Impact of Location Conditions on Tourism Transformation of Local Livelihood in Agricultural Heritage Sites:Exploring the Livelihood Capital of Location Conditions

作　　者：张爱平[1,2] 王晨红[1] 马逸姣 侯兵 ZHANG Aiping;WANG Chenhong;MA Yijiao;HOU Bing(School of Tourism and Cuisine,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou 225127,China;Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Science,Beijing 100101,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学旅游烹饪学院,江苏扬州225127 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2023年第7期84-96,共13页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金“农业文化遗产旅游地农户生计变迁与农地利用行为演变研究”(41801123);教育部人文社科基金“农业文化遗产旅游地农户生计风险及脆弱性评价”(22YJCZH230);扬州大学“高端人才”培养计划和扬州大学“青蓝工程”优秀青年骨干教师培养计划共同资助。

摘　　要：农业文化遗产地农户生计旅游转型与空间地理位置存在关联,旅游环境下区位条件已成为农户生计发展不可忽视的重要因素。遵循顺序解说型设计,该研究采用逻辑回归评估区位条件对生计旅游转型的影响,并通过质性分析探究区位条件对生计发展的作用机理,结果发现:(1)旅游视角下农户生计分化类型在空间上存在一定的分布规律,生计旅游化程度随农户与景区距离的增加而下降,农户区位对生计旅游化转型具有显著影响;(2)既靠近景区又靠近公路的住宅具有旅游经营优势,优势区位助推农户发展形成旅游经营生计,且住宅区位已呈现资本化,成为旅游经营生计中需要投入的资本要素;(3)住宅区位资本形成源于农户住宅的功能转换及外部辐射增值,游客在空间上的集聚及扩散决定了住宅位置的消费市场可达性,形成住宅区位的资本交换与极差地租;(4)景区对邻近社区具有农地、人力资源依赖性,邻近社区投入资源并参与景区旅游生产,社区农户为此获得旅游发展的制度性红利,旅游参与机会及发展福利伴随制度安排的演进而变化。研究有助于认识区位条件对农户生计的影响,对把控旅游地生计资本结构也具有重要意义。The tourism impact has obvious spatial heterogeneity in agricultural heritage sites.Farmers located in tourist communities,adjacent to tourist attractions and close to tourist channels have natural advantages in tourism participation,and there are often more tourism practitioners than farmers in other geographical locations.It can be seen that there is a potential correlation between the tourism transformation of farmer's livelihood in agricultural heritage sites and the spatial geographical position,and the location condition has become a factor that cannot be ignored in the livelihood development of farmers in tourism areas.Based on the concern about the spatial differentiation of farmers'livelihood in agricultural heritage tourism destinations,this study took the surrounding communities of Qianduo scenic area in Xinghua Duotian as an example.Firstly,quantitative data were obtained through probability sampling and questionnaire survey,and multi-classification logistic regression was used to evaluate the impact of location conditions on the transformation of livelihood tourism.Secondly,qualitative data were obtained through purpose sampling combined with semi-structured interviews,and qualitative content analysis was used to inductively analyze the mechanism of farmers'location conditions on livelihood development.The main conclusions are as follows.1)From the perspective of tourism,there is a certain spatial distribution pattern of farmers'livelihood differentiation,and the degree of tourism of livelihoods decreases with the increase of the distance between farmers and tourist attractions.The model shows that location condition of rural household has a significant impact on the tourism transformation of livelihood.2)Residential areas that are close to both tourist attractions and roads have the location advantage of tourism operation.The advantageous location of residential areas helps farmers to develop and form tourism operation livelihood.Moreover,the location of homestead has been capitalized and become the

关 键 词：区位条件 生计旅游转型 旅游影响 生计资本 农业文化遗产地 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]