“三权分置”下宅基地使用权的法律构造和制度重构  

Legal Structure and System Reconstruction of the Right to Use Homestead under the Separation of Ownership,Contractual,and Management Rights

作　　者：张佳禹 Zhang Jiayu(Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao 266500,Shandong)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学,山东青岛266500

出　　处：《农业展望》2023年第6期33-38,共6页Agricultural Outlook

摘　　要：为推进农村宅基地制度改革,中央对宅基地改革采取“三权分置”部署。然而,不同学者对宅基地“三权”的法律构造存在分歧,确立宅基地使用权应确立“所有权+成员权+用益物权”的权利构造,其中新设资格权定性为成员权,“三权分置”改革后的第三权属于用益物权范畴,同时赋予其处分权能完善宅基地权能。“三权分置”改革,应以所有权为基础,依靠特有的身份属性保障成员权,通过宅基地资格权这一特殊身份属性实现宅基地在一定范围内(集体经济组织成员内)的排他使用。宅基地改革需从法律层面提供坚实的理论基础和法律架构,具体应围绕“三权”法律构造和制度重构两条路径进一步探索,采取法律和政策途径盘活农村宅基地,促进乡村经济长足发展。In order to promote the reform of the rural homestead system,the central government adopts the deployment of the separation of ownership,contractual,and management rights for the reform of homestead land.However,different scholars have differences on the legal structure of the ownership,contractual,and management rights of homestead land,and the right to use homestead land should establish the right structure of"ownership+membership right+usufruct right",of which the newly established qualification right is characterized as membership right,and the third right after the reform of the separation of ownership,contractual,and management rights belongs to the category of usufruct rights,and at the same time gives it the right to dispose of it to improve the right to residential land.The reform of the separation of ownership,contractual,and management rights should be based on the ownership and guarantee the members'rights by relying on the unique identity attribute,and realize the exclusive use of the homestead within a certain range(within the members of the collective economic organization)through the special identity attribute of the homestead qualification right.Homestead reform needs to provide a solid theoretical foundation and legal framework from the legal level,the reform should be further explored from the two paths of legal structure and system reconstruction of the ownership,contractual,and management rights,laws and policies should be adopted to revitalize rural homestead and promote the rapid development of rural economy.

关 键 词：宅基地使用权 地上权 三权分置 资格权 法律构造 制度重构 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.3[政治法律—法学]