氯化石蜡的人体暴露研究进展  

A review on human exposure to chlorinated paraffins

作　　者：程欣 高丽荣[1,2] 张潆心 曹小颖 乔林 黄帝 刘杨 艾俏锋[1,2] 郑明辉 CHENG Xin;GAO Lirong;ZHANG Yingxin;CAO Xiaoying;QIAO Lin;HUANG Di;LIU Yang;AI Qiaofeng;ZHENG Minghui(State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100085,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing,100049,China;Institute of Environment and Health,Jianghan University,Wuhan,430056,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]江汉大学环境与健康研究院,武汉430056

出　　处：《环境化学》2023年第7期2139-2152,共14页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21976187)资助.

摘　　要：短链氯化石蜡具有持久性有机污染物的特性,是列入《关于持久性有机污染物的斯德哥尔摩公约》全球管控的有机物,氯化石蜡在人体内蓄积,造成健康风险.为研究氯化石蜡的人体暴露情况,对近20年来的相关论文进行综述.氯化石蜡的人体暴露途径可以大致分为外部暴露途径和内部暴露途径.外部暴露主要来自食物(饮食摄入)、空气(呼吸吸入)和室内灰尘(灰尘摄入和皮肤吸入).对于内部暴露,目前在人体血液(血浆或血清)、母乳、胎盘、头发和指甲中均已检测到氯化石蜡.与普通成年人群相比,儿童以及婴幼儿外部暴露氯化石蜡的风险较高.中国由于较大的生产和使用量,人群暴露量相对较高.目前需加强氯化石蜡分析方法的可比性,以及氯化石蜡在人体的蓄积代谢研究等.同时,血液(血清或血浆)和母乳以外的其他生物指标中链和长链氯化石蜡人体暴露风险评估的研究也应得到重视.Short-chain chlorinated paraffins,as a persistent organic pollutant,is listed in annex A under the Stockholm Convention.Chlorinated paraffins are bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals which can accumulate in human bodies and cause health risks.In order to investigate the human exposure to chlorinated paraffins,the related literatures in the recent 20 years were reviewed.Human exposure is generally divided into external exposure and internal exposure pathways.External exposure mainly including food(dietary intake),air(respiratory inhalation),and indoor dust(dust intake and dermal absorption)was documented.For internal exposure,chlorinated paraffins have been found in human blood(plasma or serum),breast milk,placenta,human hair,and nails.The results showed that children and infants have higher chlorinated paraffins risks of external exposure compared with the general adults.The Chinese people have higher exposure due to the large production and usage in China.Until now,there are few studies focusing on the accumulation and metabolism mechanism of chlorinated paraffins in the human body.New studies including chlorinated paraffins toxicity and kinetics,are highly requested.And the accurate quantitative analysis of chlorinated paraffins is rather difficult.Improving the comparability of chlorinated paraffins analysis methods is needed.At the same time,more studies focus on chlorinated paraffins in biomarkers beyond blood(serum or plasma)and breast milk should also raise concern.

关 键 词：氯化石蜡 暴露水平 食物 空气. 

分 类 号：X503.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]