德法兼容:两汉“诸子”的治道思想  

Compatibility of Morality and Law:Thought on Governing the Country of“Philosophers”in the Two Han Dynasties

作　　者：秦铁柱[1] Qin Tiezhu(School of History and Culture,Institute of Qilu Culture Research,Shandong Normal University,Jinan Shandong 250358)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学历史文化学院、齐鲁文化研究院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《山东师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第2期89-98,共10页Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：山东省高等学校“青创人才引育计划”项目:山东师范大学“中外关系史创新团队”的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：先秦“诸子”纷纷提出了自己的治道思想,儒家以德治国,法家以法治国,墨家以人治国,道家无为治国,为两汉“诸子”治道思想的提出奠定了基础。两汉时期,“诸子”根据时势的变化,以儒家为纲糅合先秦诸家治道思想,形成以德法兼容为主要特点的治道思想体系,具有如下内涵特征:突显君主的一元地位;强调治道思想的物质基础;构筑完备的天道观与人性论基础;以“中”来调和德与法。“诸子”治道思想被应用于治国实践中,成为中国两千多年古代社会治道思想之源头,对后世产生了深远的影响。The“philosophers”in the pre-Qin Dynasty put forward their own thoughts on governing the country,the Confucians emphasized ruling the country by virtue,the Legalists by law,the Mohists by people,and the Taoists by inaction,and they laid the foundation for the“philosophers”’thoughts on governing the country in the two Han Dynasties.During the two Han Dynasties,the“philosophers”,based on the changes of the times,took Confucianism as the key link to blend the thoughts on governing the country of various schools in the pre-Qin period,and formed the ideological system of governing the country by virtue and law,which had the following connotations and characteristics:highlighting the status of the monarch as the head of the state;emphasizing the material basis of the thought on governing the country;building a complete concept of the Nature’s law and the basis of human nature;using the“middle”to coordinate virtue and law.The“philosophers”’thought on governing the country was applied to the practice of governing the country and became the source of the thought on governing the country in the ancient Chinese society for more than 2000 years,and it had a profound impact on later generations.

关 键 词：两汉时期 “诸子” 治道思想 德法兼容 

分 类 号：K232[历史地理—历史学]