喷施硒肥对玉米生长发育、品质及镉、砷吸收的影响  

Effects of Spraying Selenium Fertilizer on Maize Growth,Quality,and Absorption of Cadmium and Arsenic

作　　者：翟瑞宁 黄开健 黄爱花 邹成林 莫润秀 韦新兴 杨萌 ZHAI Ruining;HUANG Kaijian;HUANG Aihua;ZOU Chengin;MO Runxiu;WEI Xinxing;YANG Meng(Maize Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区农业科学院玉米研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第8期896-903,共8页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21196052);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2019ZX09);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2020YM90)。

摘　　要：以桂单658为试验材料,设置3个叶面喷施时期(拔节期、大喇叭口期、抽雄期)为主处理、5种硒肥(粮油型锌硒葆60 mg/L、亚硒酸钠1.4 g/L、硒硅肥1号对水100倍、硒硅肥2号对水100倍、硒硅肥3号对水100倍)为副处理,同时以喷施清水作为对照(CK),研究喷施外源硒肥对玉米生长发育、品质及其对镉、砷吸收的影响。结果表明,在3个生长时期分别喷施5种硒肥后,玉米的株高、穗位高、穗粗、穗长、千粒质量等农艺性状均显著提高;在拔节期和大喇叭口期分别喷施粮油型锌硒葆后玉米产量均显著增加,分别比CK增产41.79%和21.13%;喷施硒肥后玉米籽粒的蛋白质、脂肪和淀粉含量都明显高于CK;在拔节期喷施粮油型锌硒葆对镉、砷元素的阻隔作用效果最佳,籽粒中镉、砷元素的含量分别比CK降低94.15%和71.64%。综上,选择合适的硒肥进行喷施,可以提高玉米产量及籽粒的营养品质,显著抑制玉米对镉、砷的吸收,在拔节期喷施粮油型锌硒葆效果最佳。In this study,three foliar spraying stages(jointing stage,large bell stage,and tasseling stage)were set as the main treatments,and five selenium fertilizers(Xinxibao 60 mg/L,sodium selenite 1.4 g/L,Xiguifei 1 mixed with water for 100 times,Xiguifei 2 mixed with water for 100 times,and Xiguifei 3mixed with water for 100 times)were set as the secondary treatments by using the experimental material Guidan 658.And the control group was sprayed with clean water.Effects of spraying exogenous selenium fertilizer on maize growth,quality,and absorption of cadmium and arsenic were studied.The results showed that the plant height,ear position height,ear diameter,ear length,and 1000-grain weight of all treatments were significantly increased after spraying five selenium fertilizers at three growth stages.The yield of maize was both significantly increased after spraying Xinxibao at the jointing stage and the large bell stage,which increased by 41.79%and 21.13%compared with CK,respectively.The contents of protein,fat,and starch in maize grains were significantly higher than those of CK after spraying selenium fertilizer.In the jointing stage,the spraying of Xinxibao had the best barrier effect on cadmium and arsenic,and the contents of cadmium and arsenic in grains were reduced by 94.15%and 71.64%compared with CK,respectively.In conclusion,foliar spraying of appropriate selenium fertilizer could improve fresh ear yield of maize,significantly inhibit the absorption of cadmium and arsenic.Foliar spraying of selenium fertilizer Xinxibao at the jointing stage of maize had the best effect on increasing fresh ear yield of maize and impeding the cadmium and arsenic absorption.

关 键 词：硒肥 玉米 产量 籽粒品质 硒含量 重金属含量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]