基于基因片段和形态特征分析的山西鬼笔属物种多样性分析  

Species Diversity Analysis of Phallus in Shanxi Province Based on Analysis of Gene Fragments and Morphological Characteristics

作　　者：张泽乾 毛宁 刘虹 ZHANG Zeqian;MAO Ning;LIU Hong(Shanxi Institute for Functional Foods,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China;College of Life Sciences,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学山西功能食品研究院,山西太原030031 [2]首都师范大学生命科学学院,北京100048

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2023年第8期921-927,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省现代农业产业技术体系项目(2023CYJSTX10-01);忻州市应用基础研究项目(20210102);山西农业大学生物育种工程项目(YZGC144)。

摘　　要：为阐明野生鬼笔属Phallus食用物种在山西的分布及物种多样性,文章采用ITS和LSU这2个位点基因片段分析比对及形态学特征比较鉴定的联合分析方法,对2017—2022年连续5 a在山西各地林区采集的8个鬼笔状蘑菇样本进行研究鉴定。结果发现,鬼笔属在山西分布有3个物种,即冬荪鬼笔Phallus dongsun、红鬼笔Phallus rugulosus和超短裙鬼笔(超短裙竹荪)Phallus ultraduplicatus;其中,我国著名的食用真菌冬荪鬼笔Phal-lus dongsun在山西野生分布有黄、白2个颜色品种,其中,黄色品种分布于全省各地针叶林、阔叶林或针阔叶混交林下,白色品种仅见于山西南部中条山区域。之前已知,冬荪鬼笔仅有白色品种分布于中国及东南亚各地。该研究结果是在世界上首次发现和证实冬荪鬼笔在自然界有黄色品种存在,冬荪鬼笔黄色品种的发现为名贵野生食用菌冬荪鬼笔的人工培育和育种提供了新的材料和研究方向,丰富了中国重要野生食用菌物种的基因库,对野生菌多样性研究和栽培驯化有重要价值和意义。To elucidate the distribution and species diversity of wild edible species of the genus Phallus in Shanxi province,in this study,the combined analysis of gene fragment analysis and comparison of ITS and LSU and comparison and identification of morphological characteristics was used to identify eight mushroom samples of the genus Phallus collected in the past 5 years from 2017-2022 in various forest areas of Shanxi province.The results showed that three species of Phallus were found in Shanxi,namely P.dongsun,P.rugulosus,and P.ultraduplicatus.Of them,the famous edible wild mushroom Phallus dongsun had two colors of varieties in Shanxi province,one was yellow,distributed throughout the province in both conifer and broad forests or mixed conifer and broad forests,and another was white,only seen in the Zhongtiao Mountains in the south region of the province.Previously,it was known that only white variey of P.dongsun was distributed throughout China and Southeast Asia,This study was the first time to find and confirm the presence of yellow variety of P.dongsun in nature in the world.The discovery of the yellow variety of P.dongsun provided a new material and research direction for the artificial cultivation and breeding for this valuable edible fungus.It enriched the gene pool of important wild edible fungi species in China,which was of great value and significance for the research on diversity and cultivation and domestication of wild fungi.

关 键 词：野生食用菌 冬荪 分类 系统发育 多基因分析 

分 类 号：Q949.32[生物学—植物学]