不同覆盖方式对秋马铃薯产量与土壤水分的影响  

Effects of Different Mulching Methods on the Yield of Potatoes Planted in Autumn and Soil Moisture

作　　者：郑雅超 凌永胜 ZHENG Ya-chao(Quanzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Quanzhou,Fujian 362212,China)

机构地区：[1]泉州市农业科学研究所,福建泉州362212 [2]不详

出　　处：《福建农业科技》2023年第5期64-69,共6页Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：福建省星火项目(2022S0037);“十四五”福建省种业创新与产业化工程项目(2021-2025,zycxny2021005);福建省科技计划项目(2020N0054);泉州市科技计划项目(2020C070)。

摘　　要：为筛选泉州地区秋马铃薯高产适宜覆盖材料,采用黑色地膜覆盖(B1)、稻草覆盖(B2)和露地栽培(CK)3种方式,分析不同覆盖方式对泉薯5号生育期、主要农艺性状、土壤温度、水分与鲜薯产量的影响。结果表明:泉薯5号生育期和单株结薯数B2>CK>B1,茎粗B1>B2>CK,株高、单株薯重、鲜薯产量和商品薯率均表现B2>B1>CK。全生育期地温均值B2<CK<B1,土壤含水率B2>B1>CK,土壤贮水消耗量B2>CK>B1,总耗水量B2>CK>B1,降水对耗水的贡献率B2>CK>B1。鲜薯和干薯的水分利用效率与产量表现B2>B1>CK。本试验条件下,稻草覆盖(B2)是泉州市红壤产区秋种泉薯5号推荐的适宜覆盖栽培方式。In order to screen the suitable mulching materials for the high yield of potatoes planted in autumn in Quanzhou area,three methods of black plastic film mulching(B1),straw mulching(B2) and open field cultivation(CK) were used to analyze the effects of different mulching methods on the growth period,main agronomic traits,soil temperature,water content and fresh potato yield of Quanshu No.5.The results showed that the growth period and tuber number per plant of Quanshu No.5 were B2CKB1,the stem thick was B1B2CK,and the plant height,tuber weight per plant,fresh tuber yield and commodity potato rate were B2 B1CK.The mean value of soil temperature in the whole growth period was B2CKB1,the soil moisture content was B2B1CK,the soil water consumption was B2CKB1,the total water consumption was B2CKB1,and the contribution rate of precipitation to water consumption was B2CKB1.The water use efficiency and yield of fresh potato and dried sweetpotato were B2B1CK.Under the conditions of this experiment,the straw mulching(B2) was a suitable method of mulching cultivation which was recommended for the autumn planting of Quanshu No.5 in the red soil producing area of Quanzhou.

关 键 词：覆盖方式 马铃薯 土壤温度 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]