长链非编码RNA H19在肝脏疾病中作用的研究进展  

Progress in role of lncRNA H19 in liver diseases

作　　者：侯梦贞 余芸 王建青 HOU Mengzhen;YU Yun;WANG Jianqing(The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University,Anhui Public Health Clinical Center,Hefei 230012,China;School of Pharmacy,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China.)

机构地区：[1]安徽医科大学第一附属医院,安徽省公共卫生临床中心,安徽合肥230012 [2]安徽医科大学药学院,安徽合肥230032

出　　处：《中国病理生理杂志》2023年第7期1289-1295,共7页Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.82073566);安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划项目重点项目(No.gxyq2019014);安徽省高等学校省级质量工程项目(No.2020xsxxkc246);临床药学与药理学共建项目。

摘　　要：人类基因组计划发现,仅有不到2%的基因组编码蛋白质,而近70%的基因组转录成非编码RNA[1]。非编码RNA是指不具备蛋白质编码能力的RNA,包括转运RNA、核糖体RNA、小核仁RNA和长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA,lncRNA)。其中,lncRNA是一类长度大于200个核苷酸、没有开放阅读框而不具备蛋白编码能力的特殊RNA[2]。lncRNA过去被认为是RNA聚合酶II转录产生的副产物,因不具备生物学功能而仅被当作是转录“噪音”[3]。但越来越多的研究显示,lncRNA可通过表观遗传学、转录和转录后调控等多个层面调控基因表达水平,在多种生命过程中发挥重要作用[4]。H19是lncRNA中第一个被鉴定的印迹基因,在出生后表达显著减少。Long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)refer to a class of special RNAs having more than 200 nucleotides in their transcripts but featuring no protein-coding function.They play significant roles in epigenetic,transcriptional,and post-transcriptional regulation.H19 is the first identified imprinted lncRNA.It participates in the biological process of hepatocytes,cholangiocytes,immune cells and other cells,and has gradually become a new hotspot in the study of liver diseases.In this review,we introduce the characteristics of H19 and summarize its effect and molecular mechanism in 3 common liver diseases including cholestasis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.We hope this review can provide new insights for related research and lead to potential therapeutic targets for liver disease treatment.

关 键 词：长链非编码RNA H19 胆汁淤积 肝细胞癌 非酒精性脂肪性肝病 

分 类 号：R575[医药卫生—消化系统] R363[医药卫生—内科学]