青稞和豌豆根系形态和养分效率对种植模式和施肥水平的响应  

Root morphology and nutrient efficiency of Tibetan barley and peas in response to planting patterns and fertilization levels

作　　者：郭童鑫 姚晓华[1,2,3] 吴昆仑 姚有华[1,2,3] GUO Tong-xin;YAO Xiao-hua;WU Kun-lun;YAO You-hua(Academy of Agriculture and Forestry of Qinghai University,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Qinghai Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Science,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China;Qinghai Key Laboratory of Tibetan Barley Genetics and Breeding/Tibetan Barley Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre,Xining,Qinghai 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海省青稞遗传育种重点实验室/国家麦类改良中心青海青稞分中心,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2023年第6期1048-1059,共12页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32060447);国家大麦青稞产业技术体系项目(CARS-05-01A-05)。

摘　　要：【目的】禾豆混作可显著改变作物根系形态,影响作物对养分的吸收利用量,提高系统产量。我们研究了不同施肥水平下单作和混作体系中青稞和豌豆的根系形态与养分利用之间的关系。【方法】两因素三水平盆栽试验和田间试验在青海大学试验基地进行。种植模式因素包括:青稞单作(Q)、豌豆单作(W)、青稞豌豆混作(Q×W)3种模式;施肥因素包括:不施肥(N_(0)P_(0))、低氮磷(N_(1)P_(1))、高氮磷(N_(2)P_(2))3个水平。分析了青稞和豌豆在单、混作模式下的根系形态、生物量、氮磷吸收量,并计算了氮磷竞争比率。【结果】与单作青稞相比,混作青稞地上和地下部干重分别增加了32.1%和15.3%,根冠比降低了13.1%,根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数分别增加了21.7%、43.7%、79.6%和44.8%,根系吸氮量和总吸氮量分别增加了75.8%和72.7%,根系吸磷量和总吸磷量分别显著增加了56.3%和60.0%(P<0.05)。与单作豌豆相比,混作豌豆地上和地下部分干重和根冠比分别显著降低了19.3%、27.9%和9.7%,地上部、根系吸氮量和总吸氮量分别显著降低了24.7%、32.5%和28.0%。混作青稞在分蘖期、拔节期和灌浆期地上部氮吸收累积量较单作分别显著增加了9.8%、34.6%和39.6%,磷吸收累积量分别显著增加了11.6%、18.7%和16.5%。混作豌豆在分枝期、开花期和结荚期地上部氮吸收累积量较单作分别显著降低了13.8%、18.0%和17.5%,地上部磷吸收累积量分别显著降低了26.1%、15.8%和19.9%(P<0.05)。多元线性回归分析结果表明,根表面积和平均根直径对青稞和豌豆氮素吸收量有显著影响,根体积对青稞和豌豆磷素吸收量有显著影响。N_(1)P_(1)水平下,混作青稞根长和根表面积均高于N_(0)P_(0)和N_(2)P_(2)水平下,促进了对氮、磷养分的吸收,而混作豌豆根系变化与青稞相反。【结论】青稞和豌豆氮、磷吸收量均与其根表面积呈显著正相关。在�【Objectives】We examined the root morphology and nutrient utilization of Tibetan barley(Hordeum vulgare var.coeleste Linnaeus)and peas(Pisum sativum L.)in mixed cropping systems under different fertilization levels.【Methods】The study used pot and field experimental methods at the Qinghai University experimental base.The cropping patterns included single cropping of Tibetan barley and peas and mixed cropping of both crops.Fertilization levels were no fertilization(N_(0)P_(0)),low nitrogen and phosphorus rate(N_(1)P_(1)),and high nitrogen and phosphorus rate(N_(2)P_(2)).The root morphology,biomass,N and P uptakes of Tibetan barley and peas were analyzed,and nitrogen and phosphorus competition ratio between the two crops was calculated.【Results】Compared with single cropping,mixed cropping(P<0.05)increased the shoot and root dry weight of Tibetan barley by 32.1% and 15.3%,decreased the root-to-shoot ratio by 13.1%,increased the total root length,root surface area,total root volume and root tip number by 21.7%,43.7%,79.6%,and 44.8%,increased root N uptake and total N uptake by 75.8%and 72.7%and root P uptake and total P uptake by 56.3% and 60.0%.On the contrary,mixed cropping(P<0.05)decreased peas shoot and root dry weight and the root-to-shoot ratio by 19.3%,27.9%,and 9.7%,decreased the shoot and root N uptake and total N uptake by 24.7%,32.5%,and 28.0%,respectively.Compared with single cropping,the shoot N accumulation in Tibetan barley under mixed cropping(P<0.05)increased by 9.8%,34.6%,and 39.6%,and shoot P accumulation increased by 11.6%,18.7%,and 16.5% at tillering,jointing,and maturity stages.Peas shoot N accumulation under the mixed cropping system decreased by 13.8%,18.0%,and 17.5%;the shoot P accumulation decreased by 26.1%,15.8%,and 19.9% at branching,flowering and podding stages.The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that the root surface area and average root diameter had significant correlation with the N absorption,and the root volume had significant correlation with the P

关 键 词：青稞 豌豆 混作模式 根系形态 氮磷吸收利用 产量 混作优势 

分 类 号：S512.3[农业科学—作物学] S643.3