养殖水环境中抗生素对鱼类肠道菌群结构、功能和抗性组的影响研究进展  

Research Progress on Effects of Antibiotics in Aquaculture Water Environment on Structure,Function and Resistome of Fish Intestinal Microbiota

作　　者：王美茹 崔鹏飞 汝少国[1] Wang Meiru;Cui Pengfei;Ru Shaoguo(College of Marine Life Sciences,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海洋生命学院,青岛266003

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2023年第3期94-111,共18页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFC1605704)。

摘　　要：当前,抗生素类药物被广泛应用于水产养殖业,且在水环境中频繁检出多种类型的抗生素。抗生素和抗生素抗性基因(antibiotic resistance genes,ARGs)是多重耐药菌甚至“超级细菌”产生的源头,抗生素被列为一类新兴的有机污染物,对环境中生物的潜在不利影响已引起广泛关注。鱼类的肠道菌群会通过自身的细胞组分或代谢产物,影响鱼类的营养代谢、系统发育和免疫调节等生理过程。鱼类肠道菌群保持健康平衡状态能保障鱼体健康,水产养殖环境中残留的抗生素会对鱼类肠道菌群造成严重影响,相关研究已经展开。本文总结归纳了近年来部分国内外养殖水环境中抗生素的污染状况。基于目前的研究成果重点综述了抗生素对鱼类肠道菌群结构、功能和抗性组的影响,为抗生素的毒理学评价提供总结和新的研究思路,为进一步开展抗生素环境风险评估及制定污染防控阻断策略等研究提供参考。Antibiotics are currently utilized extensively in the aquaculture industry,and multiple antibiotic types are frequently identified in water environments.Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs)are the sources of multidrug-resistant bacteria and“superbug”.Antibiotics have been categorized as an emerging organic pollutant,and their potential detrimental effects on organisms in the environment have attracted widespread attention.Fish intestinal microbiota can affect nutrition metabolism,system development,and immune regulation of physiological processes via its own cell components or metabolites.And fish with a healthy intestinal microbiota balance can protect fish body health;aquaculture’s residual antibiotics in the environment will have a serious influence on fish intestinal microbiota,and research in this area has begun.This paper summarizes the current status of antibiotic pollution in aquaculture water environments at home and abroad in recent years.In addition,the effects of antibiotics on the structure,function,and resistance groups of fish intestinal microbiota were mainly reviewed,providing a summary and new research ideas for toxicological evaluation of antibiotics as well as a reference for future research on environmental risk assessment of antibiotics and the development of pollution prevention and control strategies.

关 键 词：抗生素 鱼类 健康风险 肠道菌群 抗性组 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]