农田残留地膜累积生态效应研究进展  

Review on Cumulative Ecological Effects of Mulching Film Residues in Farmland

作　　者：张美 刘金铜[1] 付同刚 高会[1] Zhang Mei;Liu Jintong;Fu Tonggang;Gao Hui(Center for Agricultural Resources Research,Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences/Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology/Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050022,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心/中国科学院农业水资源重点实验室/河北省土壤生态学重点实验室,石家庄050022 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2023年第3期223-237,共15页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：河北省重点研发计划项目(20373304D)。

摘　　要：地膜覆盖是一项优良的现代农业生产技术,显著提高生产力,但随着使用年限的持续增加残留在土壤中的地膜不断累积,对土壤环境与生态健康构成巨大威胁。为系统了解残留地膜带来的生态环境影响,本文基于残留地膜污染特征,通过查阅国内外文献,初次引入累积生态效应概念,总结了残留地膜对土壤健康、动植物生长发育甚至人类健康产生影响的相关工作,并对目前研究中存在的问题和未来发展方向进行了探讨。结果表明:随着覆膜时间的增加土壤中地膜残留量不断增加,受耕作、老化与降解等因素的影响残留地膜的大小、形状和状态不断改变,产生的直接和间接累积生态效应也不断变化;残留地膜老化与降解过程会加重其累积生态效应,残留地膜类型不同、老化程度与降解过程不同产生累积生态效应的程度也不同;随着生物降解地膜使用量的增加,残留地膜累积生态效应的多样化增加,而残留生物降解膜累积生态效应的危害程度不亚于普通残留地膜;残留地膜的直接和间接累积生态效应都对人类健康构成威胁。总之,残留地膜累积生态效应是一个长期动态变化的过程。目前残留地膜累积生态效应的研究多以短期的、静态的效应研究为主,对长期系统性的研究不够深入,应在未来的研究中开展长期性、时空动态性的系统研究,并深化地膜残留累积生态效应机理与管控技术的研究,为农业可持续及人类可持续发展的研究提供理论支撑。Film mulching could increase productivity as an effective modern agricultural technology.However,with increasing time,more and more amounts of the mulching film are residual in the soil,posing a significant threat to the soil environment and health.To systematically understand the influences of mulching film residues(MFRs)on the environment,this paper first summarizes the characteristics of MFRs pollution.Then it provides a comprehensive overview of the effects of MFRs on soil health,plant and animal growth and development and human health.By reviewing domestic and foreign literature,we introduced a concept of cumulative ecological effects(CEEs)to indicate these complex and long-term effects.We also discussed the existing problems and directions of future research in the paper.Studies show that:(1)The amount of MFRs accumulation in the soil increases with time.Due to the influence of tillage,aging and degradation,the size,shape and state of the MFRs are constantly changing,and the accumulation amount of microplastics and pollutants released from the mulching film is increased,leading to the continuous change of CEEs.(2)The aging and degradation could make the CEEs much worse.The different mulching films,degrees of aging and degradation processes have different CEEs.(3)With the heavy usage of biodegradable mulching film,the diversity of the CEEs of MFRs increases.In comparison,the CEEs of the residual biodegradable film are as harmful as the ordinary mulching film.(4)Both direct and indirect CEEs of MFRs pose threats to human health.In brief,the CEEs of MFRs are a long-term and dynamic changing process,while relevant research still is needed because the current knowledge about the CEEs is from short-time and static studies.Therefore,it is necessary to carry out long-term and spatio-temporal systematic research in the future.Meanwhile,the mechanism and controlling methods of the CEEs of MFRs should be studied further.Hopefully,it can provide theoretical support for agriculture-sustainable and human-sustainable deve

关 键 词：微/纳米塑料 残留地膜 累积生态效应 潜在风险 农田土壤污染 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]